分类号：学校代码：10139
U D C：学号：20210207076
Research on the Impact of Digital Inclusive Finance
on the Urban-Rural Income Gap in Inner Mongolia
中文摘要
改革开放以后，内蒙古经济实现快速发展，居民人均可支配收入从14715元增长
到34108元，居民生活水平不断改善。随着城乡收入差距相对值不断缩小，城乡收入
差距的绝对值却呈扩大趋势，从2011年的13871元扩大到2021年的26040元。城乡
收入差距的扩大会导致制约劳动力质量的提高，也会对经济增长产生阻滞作用。对内
蒙古的城乡收入差距现状分析后发现，在此期间，农村牧区居民的收入增长倍数大于
城镇居民，但这主要由于农村牧区2011年人均可支配收入远远小于城镇居民人均可
支配收入，并且农村牧区居民可支配收入较低是城乡收入差距不断扩大的主要原因。
所以缩小内蒙古城乡收入差距，就要从提高农村牧区居民人均可支配收入入手。长期
以来，由于城乡二元结构的存在，农村居民易受到金融歧视和金融排斥，无法享受与
城镇居民同等的金融服务，进而无法得到金融发展带来的好处。数字普惠金融的提出
弥补传统金融的不足，降低金融服务成本，扩大服务人群，进而降低了“金融弱势群
体”参与金融活动的门槛，为提高农村居民收入水平，缩小城乡收入差距提供了可能
性。2011-2021年，内蒙古数字普惠金融发展迅猛，数字普惠金融指数增长10余倍，
所以探讨数字普惠金融与内蒙古城乡收入差距的关系具有一定的研究意义。
本文在梳理了相关研究成果的基础上，利用2011-2021年内蒙古12盟市数据，
构建面板模型探究了内蒙古数字普惠金融和城乡收入差距的关系，又从数字普惠金融
的3个子维度及经济发展水平展开研究，进一步探究了其对城乡居民收入差距影响的
异质性。最后，运用面板门槛模型探讨数字普惠金融与城乡收入差距之间的非线性关
系。研究发现:第一，内蒙古数字普惠金融发展能缩小城乡居民收入差距；第二，覆盖
广度和数字化程度能显著缩小内蒙古城乡收入差距，使用深度的影响并不显著；第三，
对于经济发展水平的较高的盟市而言，覆盖广度能明显缩小城乡收入差距，使用深度
和数字化程度的影响不够显著，而对于经济发展水平较低地区，数字普惠金融总指数、
覆盖广度和数字化程度均能显著缩小城乡收入差距，且覆盖广度的效果更加显著；第
四，数字普惠金融发展对城乡居民收入差距的影响存在门槛效应，当覆盖广度超过门
槛值时，数字普惠金融能显著缩小内蒙古城乡收入差距。基于上述研究结果，得出结
论并提出以下几点建议：第一，完善数字基础设施建设，推动数字普惠金融发展；第
二，实施差异化政策；第三，加大金融知识普及力度，提高居民整体金融素养；第四，
完善金融监管体系，保障居民合法权益。
关键词：数字普惠金融；城乡收入差距；农村居民收入；内蒙古
ABSTRACT
After the reform and opening up,the economy of Inner Mongolia has
achieved rapid development,with the per capita disposable income of residents
increasing from 14,715yuan to 34,108yuan,and the living standards of
residents have been continuously improved.As the relative value of the urban-
rural income gap continues to decrease,the absolute value of the urban-rural
income gap gradually expands,from 13,871yuan in 2011to 26,040yuan in
2021,and the absolute income gap between the two shows a gradually widening
trend.The widening of income gap between urban and rural areas will restrict
the improvement of labor quality and hinder economic growth.After analyzing
the current situation of urban-rural income gap in Inner Mongolia,it is found
that during this period,the income growth ratio of rural and pastoral residents
was larger than that of urban residents,but this was mainly due to the fact that
the per capita disposable income of rural and pastoral residents in 2011was
much smaller than that of urban residents,and the low disposable income of
rural and pastoral residents was the main reason for the widening urban-rural
income gap.Therefore,to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas
in Inner Mongolia,we should start from improving the per capita disposable
income of residents in rural pastoral areas.For a long time,due to the existence
of urban-rural dual structure,rural residents are vulnerable to financial
discrimination and financial exclusion,unable to enjoy the same financial
services as urban residents,and thus unable to get the benefits brought by
financial development.The proposal of digital inclusive finance makes up for
the deficiency of traditional finance,reduces the cost of financial services,
expands the service population,and then lowers the threshold for “financial
vulnerable groups”to participate in financial activities,providing possibilities
for improving the income level of rural residents and narrowing the income gap
between urban and rural areas.From 2011to 2021,the digital inclusive finance
has developed rapidly in Inner Mongolia,and the digital inclusive finance index
has increased by more than 10times.Therefore,it is of certain research
significance to explore the relationship between digital inclusive finance and
the urban-rural income gap in Inner Mongolia.
Based on the review of relevant research results,this paper uses the data
of 12cities in Inner Mongolia from 2011to 2021to build a panel regression
model to explore the relationship between digital inclusive finance and urban-
rural income gap in Inner Mongolia,and conducts research from the three sub-
dimensions of digital inclusive finance and the level of economic development
to further explore the heterogeneity of its impact on urban-rural income gap.
Finally,the panel threshold model is used to explore the nonlinear relationship
between digital financial inclusion and urban-rural income gap.The findings
are as follows:First,the development of digital inclusive finance in Inner
Mongolia can narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents;
Second,coverage breadth and digitization degree can significantly narrow the
urban-rural income gap in Inner Mongolia,but the impact of use depth is not
significant;Third,for regions with higher economic development level,
coverage can significantly narrow the urban-rural income gap,while the impact
of depth of use and digitization is not significant enough.For regions with
lower economic development level,digital inclusive finance,coverage and
digitization can significantly narrow the urban-rural income gap,and the effect
of coverage breadth is more significant.Fourth,the development of digital
inclusive finance has a threshold effect on the income gap between urban and
rural residents.When the coverage breadth exceeds the threshold value,digital
inclusive finance can significantly narrow the urban-rural income gap in Inner
Mongolia.Based on the above research results,the author draws conclusions
and puts forward the following suggestions:First,improve the construction of
digital infrastructure and promote the development of digital inclusive finance;
Second,implement differentiated policies;Third,increase the popularization
of financial knowledge to improve the overall financial literacy of residents;
Fourth,improve the financial supervision system to protect the legitimate rights
and interests of residents.
Key Words:Digital inclusive finance;Urban-rural income gap;Rural
residents'income;Inner Mongolia