学校代码：10564学号：2016312415
分类号：F83密级：
精准扶贫背景下普惠金融的减贫增收效应分析
——基于粤东西北地区12市的实证研究
骆华
第一指导教师：周文良副教授
第二指导教师：
学院名称：经济管理学院
专业学位类别：金融
领域：
答辩委员会主席：彭壁玉教授
中国·广州
2021年6月
摘要
改革开放四十余年来，我国投入了巨大的人力物力来开展扶贫工作，随着精准扶
贫战略的实施，在2020年如期完成了脱贫攻坚目标任务，消除了绝对贫困，实现了
历史性承诺。在“后扶贫”时代，集中大量资源进行脱贫攻坚的方式面临转变，巩固
脱贫成果和继续深入推进精准扶贫需要普惠金融发挥更大作用。粤东西北地区是国内
较早推进精准扶贫和普惠金融发展的区域，在解决相对贫困问题上创造了一定经验。
以粤东西北地区为例，深入研究精准扶贫背景下普惠金融的减贫增收效应，具有现实
意义和实用价值。
首先，本文对精准扶贫和普惠金融相关重要概念进行界定，研究二者之间的理论
基础，分析发展普惠金融的重要意义。其次，重点阐述普惠金融与精准扶贫的内在联
系、作用机制，梳理二者之间的逻辑关系。最后，分析粤东西北地区精准扶贫与普惠
金融的发展现状，总结普惠金融支持精准扶贫的路径与障碍。
在此基础上，对粤东西北地区12市的普惠金融发展水平进行测度，结果显示粤
东西北地区普惠金融在2009至2019年的11年间实现了稳步发展，尤其是近年来展
现了快速发展的势头。本文选择粤东西北地区12市数据，构建计量经济模型，运用
固定效应分位数回归方法实证研究普惠金融的减贫增收效应及其对农村不同收入水
平群体的异质性影响，并利用中介效应模型进行机制分析。主要研究结论为：（1）普
惠金融发展有利于农村居民减贫增收。（2）普惠金融发展的减贫增收效应对不同收入
水平的群体存在异质性，对农村低收入水平群体的减贫增收效应要大于中高收入水平
群体，说明普惠金融能够对精准扶贫的目标群体发挥精准帮扶作用。（3）普惠金融的
减贫增收效应通过直接作用和中介效应共同实现，对农村低收入水平群体的中介效应
大于直接作用。
根据理论分析和实证检验结果，本文对普惠金融如何更好助力精准扶贫，提出以
下对策建议：（1）深化“普惠金融+优势产业”的产融结合扶贫模式。（2）拓宽普惠
金融资金渠道。（3）不断改善金融生态环境。
关键词：普惠金融；精准扶贫；固定效应分位数回归；中介效应模型
I
Analysis on the effect of inclusive finance on poverty reduction and
income increase under the background of targeted poverty
alleviation
——Empirical research based on 12cities in the eastern,western
and northern Guangdong
Luo Hua
(College of Economics and Management,South China Agricultural University,
Guangzhou 510642,China)
Abstract:Over the past 40years of reform and opening up,China has invested huge
manpower and material resources to carry out poverty alleviation.With the implementation
of the targeted poverty alleviation strategy,the poverty alleviation mission was completed
in 2020,absolute poverty was eliminated and historic commitments were achieved.In the
post-poverty era,the way to focus large amounts of resources on poverty alleviation is
changing,and the consolidation of poverty alleviation results requires inclusive finance to
play a greater role.The eastern,western and northern Guangdong is an early region to
promote targeted poverty alleviation and inclusive financial development,which has
created some experience in solving the problem of relative poverty.Taking the eastern,
western and northern Guangdong as an example,it is of practical significance and practical
value to study the poverty reduction and income increase effect of inclusive finance under
the background of targeted poverty alleviation.
Firstly,this paper defines the important concepts of targeted poverty alleviation and
inclusive finance,studies the theoretical basis between them,and analyzes the significance
of developing inclusive finance.Secondly,this paper focuses on the internal relationship
and mechanism between inclusive finance and targeted poverty alleviation,and combs the
logical relationship between them.Finally,this paper analyzes the current situation of
targeted poverty alleviation and inclusive financial development in the eastern,western and
northern Guangdong,and summarizes the path and obstacles of inclusive financial support
for targeted poverty alleviation.
II
Based on this,this paper measures the development level of inclusive finance of 12
cities in the eastern,western and northern Guangdong.The results show that inclusive
finance in the eastern,western and northern Guangdong has achieved steady development
in the 11years from 2009to 2019,especially in recent years.This paper selects the data of
12cities in the eastern,western and northern Guangdong,constructs an econometric model,
and uses the fixed effect quantile regression method to empirically study the poverty
reduction effect of inclusive finance and its heterogeneity effect on rural groups with
different income levels.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Inclusive financial
development is conducive to poverty reduction and income increase of rural residents.(2)
The poverty reduction and income increase effect of inclusive finance development has a
heterogeneous impact on groups with different income levels,and the poverty reduction
and income increase effect on rural low-income groups is greater than that of middle and
high-income groups,indicating that inclusive finance can play a role in targeted poverty
alleviation.(3)The poverty reduction and income increase effect of inclusive finance is
realized through direct and intermediary effects,and the intermediary effect is greater than
the direct effect on rural low-income groups.
Based on the theoretical analysis and empirical test results,this paper puts forward the
following countermeasures and suggestions on how inclusive finance can better help
targeted poverty alleviation:(1)Deepening the poverty alleviation model of 'inclusive
finance +advantageous industries '.(2)Broaden the channels of inclusive financial funds.
(3)Continuously improve the financial ecological environment.
Key words:Inclusive finance;Targeted poverty alleviation;Fixed effect quantile
regression;Mediating effect
III
目录
1绪论.........................................................................................................8
1.1研究背景及意义...............................................................................8
1.1.1研究背景.....................................................................................8
1.1.2研究意义.....................................................................................8
1.2文献综述...........................................................................................9
1.2.1普惠金融的减贫增收效应研究.................................................9
1.2.2普惠金融与精准扶贫...............................................................10
1.2.3研究评述...................................................................................11
1.3研究内容与研究方法.....................................................................11
1.3.1研究内容...................................................................................11
1.3.2研究方法...................................................................................12
1.3.3技术路线图...............................................................................13
1.4创新与不足.....................................................................................13
2普惠金融支持精准扶贫的理论与机制分析......................................14
2.1相关概念界定.................................................................................14
2.1.1绝对贫困与相对贫困...............................................................14
2.1.2传统方式扶贫与精准扶贫.......................................................15
2.1.3普惠金融...................................................................................16
2.2理论基础.........................................................................................16
2.2.1金融排斥理论...........................................................................16
2.2.2金融抑制理论...........................................................................17
2.2.3农村金融理论...........................................................................18
2.3普惠金融与精准扶贫的内在联系................................................19
2.3.1普惠金融与精准扶贫的耦合关系...........................................19
2.3.2普惠金融与精准扶贫的协同关系...........................................20
2.4普惠金融促进减贫增收的机制....................................................21
2.4.1直接作用机制...........................................................................21
2.4.2间接作用机制...........................................................................21
2.4.3作用机制的思考.......................................................................22
3粤东西北地区精准扶贫与普惠金融发展现状分析..........................23
3.1粤东西北地区精准扶贫现状........................................................23
3.1.1粤东西北地区贫困概况...........................................................23
3.1.2扶贫战略的阶段性演变...........................................................24
3.1.3精准扶贫的措施与成效...........................................................25