本文以坦桑尼亚中资企业华人员工为研究对象，对他们的跨文化适应情况进行了 研究。主要回答了三个问题：坦桑尼亚中资企业华人员工的跨文化适应水平如何、有 哪些因素影响了坦桑尼亚华人员工的跨文化适应，以及可以采取哪些措施提高他们的 跨文化适应水平。 通过梳理已有的文献，发现学界普遍采用“二维说”从心理适应和社会文化适应 来衡量跨文化适应水平，而可能影响跨文化适应的因素则包括人口统计学因素、控制 点和社会支持等等。以此为理论基础，本文展开了量化研究和质性研究。 通过问卷调查，本研究发现：1. 坦桑尼亚中资企业华人员工跨文化心理适应水平 较低，有38%的调查对象心理障碍筛查阳性。2. 坦桑尼亚中资企业华人员工的社会文 化适应整体情况较为良好。3. 通过差异分析和相关分析，本研究发现婚姻状况、外 语水平、学历和跨文化培训经历、控制点和社会支持均对跨文化心理适应有显著影响。 4. 通过差异分析和相关分析发现，外语水平、控制点和社会支持均对调查对象的社 会文化适应有显著影响。 通过深度访谈，本研究发现：1. 坦桑尼亚中资企业华人员工的跨文化心理适应压 力主要来源是“想家”和“挣钱”。单身男女的婚姻大事也是心理压力来源之一。2. 坦桑尼亚中资企业华人员工的社会文化适应的三个维度中物质环境适应最好，生活文 化适应次之，工作文化适应较差。在生活文化方面，访谈对象认为当地人善良、简单、 没有城府；不喜欢当地人喜欢伸手讨要钱物。工作文化方面，访谈对象认为当地治安 环境差、工商环境差、当地工人不敬业和时间观念差。3. 访谈对象认为提升跨文化 适应水平的措施应包括：尽量选聘性格外向的员工、提高外语水平、进行跨文化培训、 要多和当地人交流等。另外深度访谈还发现：4.坦桑尼亚中资企业华人员工自认为对 坦桑尼亚文化很了解，然而进一步的调查发现事实并非如此。 根据问卷调查和深度访谈的结果，本研究提出了相应的提升坦桑尼亚中资企业华 人员工跨文化适应的措施。 关键词：跨文化适应；心理适应；社会文化适应ABSTRACT This paper studies the cross-cultural adaptation of Chinese personnel in Chinese-funded enterprises in Tanzania. It mainly answers three questions: what is the level of cross-cultural adaptation of these personnel, what factors affect their cross-cultural adaptation, and what measures can be taken to improve their cross-cultural adaptation. By going through the relevant literature, it is found that the academic community generally adopts the "two-dimension theory" to measure the level of cross-cultural adaptation, namely the psychological adaptation and the socio-cultural adaptation, and the factors that may affect cross-cultural adaptation include demographic factors, locus of control and social support, etc. This paper carries out quantitative research and qualitative research based on the above-mentioned theory and findings. Through the questionnaire survey, this study finds that: 1. The level of cross-cultural psychological adaptation of Chinese personnel in Tanzania is low, with 38% of the respondents positive for psychological disorders screening. 2. The overall social and cultural adaptation of the respondents is good. 3. Through the difference analysis and correlation analysis, this study found that marital status, foreign language level, education background and cross-cultural training experience, locus of control and social support have significant effects on cross-cultural psychological adaptation. And 4. Through the difference analysis and correlation analysis, it is found that foreign language proficiency, locus of control and social support have significant influence on the social-cultural adaptation of the respondents. Through in-depth interviews, this study finds that: 1. The main sources of cross-cultural psychological adaptation press of the interviewees are "homesick" and "making money". For single men and women, the issue of marriage is also a source of psychological stress. 2. Among the three sub-dimensions of social-cultural adaptation of the interviewees, the material environment adaptation is the best, the living culture adaptation is the second, and the work culture adaptation is poor. In terms of living culture, the interviewees think that the local people are kind and simple; but they are not used to some local people’s habit of asking for money and other things. In terms of work culture, the interviewees think that the local public security is poor, the governmental service for doingII business is not good, and many local workers are not professional and have poor time concept. 3. The interviewees think that the measures to improve the level of cross-cultural adaptation should include: selecting extroverted personnel to send abroad if possible, improving foreign language proficiency, conducting cross-cultural training, and communicating with local people more. In addition, the in-depth interview also finds that: Chinese personnel in Tanzania think they know Tanzanian culture well, but this, in fact, is not the case. To conclude, this study puts forward several proposals to improve the cross-cultural adaptation of Chinese personnel in Tanzania according to the results of the questionnaire survey and the in-depth interview. Key Words: Cross-cultural adaptation, Psychological adaptation, Socio-cultural adaptation目 录 摘要...............................................................................................................................................................I Abstract.....................................................................................................................................................II 第一章 绪论...............................................................................................................................................1 1.1 选题背景...............................................................................................................................................1 1.1.1 全球化背景和海外中资企业管理...............................................................................................1 1.1.2 问题的提出...................................................................................................................................3 1.2 研究对象...............................................................................................................................................4 1.3 研究内容...............................................................................................................................................4 1.4 研究方法...............................................................................................................................................4 1.5 研究意义................................................................................................................................................5 第二章 理论基础与文献综述..................................................................................................................6 2.1 跨文化适应基础理论...........................................................................................................................6 2.1.1 跨文化适应的概念及研究视角...................................................................................................6 2.1.2 基于跨文化适应客体的跨文化适应结构...................................................................................6 2.1.3 基于跨文化适应主体的跨文化适应结构...................................................................................7 2.1.4 跨文化适应的影响因素...............................................................................................................8 2.2 海外华人跨文化适应文献综述...........................................................................................................9 2.2.1 海外华人跨文化适应总体状况及存在的问题........................................................................ 10 2.2.2 海外华人跨文化适应的影响因素.............................................................................................10 2.2.3 提高海外华人跨文化适应水平的对策.....................................................................................10 2.3 中国人在非洲的跨文化适应.............................................................................................................11 2.4