米其林集团在上世纪八十年代进军中国市场，从最开始简陋的办事处到如今拥有 约 8000 中国员工的上海总部，2019 年更是以总排名第八的位置入选中国声誉最 佳的 100 家企业，在同期法国品牌中排名第一。如今的米其林不仅是中国消费者 最熟悉的轮胎品牌，还在汽车后市场服务、旅游资讯及生活方式等领域为中国消 费者提供优质产品与服务。作为一家拥有一百多年历史的法国企业，米其林在中 国取得的喜人成绩与其出色的跨文化管理密不可分。 然而，米其林闯荡中国市场的二十多年，也曾在跨文化管理上吃过不少亏。早在 2001 年米其林便与华谊集团共同组建上海回力，因合资企业效益不佳，2009 年 华谊集团选择了退出。随后第二年，双方开始寻找新的发展机会，于 2011 年达 成合作，共同打造安徽回力。事情的结果远不如最初想象中美好，六年时间过去， 华谊集团选择回购安徽回力股权，而米其林低调认赔，终止合作。经过这两次打 击，米其林的直接经济损失约 10 亿元。 因此，本文先是梳理了米其林集团的企业文化以及在中国的发展历程，从大量的 内部员工真实案例和高管访谈当中搜集资料， 再结合企业文化和跨文化管理学 术研究领域的理论成果，明确米其林集团在中国跨文化管理当中存在的合资企业 管理不当问题和管理制度难以推行的原因，从企业文化角度及跨文化管理视角分 析总部企业文化过于强势、管理体系未能因地制宜等情况，并针对米其林集团在 中国如何进一步建立以人为本的统一价值观、增加中法两国员工跨文化培训提出 跨文化管理优化建议。 关键词：米其林中国；企业文化；跨文化管理LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS R&D=Research & Development STRC= Shanghai Tire and Rubber (Group) Co., Ltd. SMW= Shanghai Michelin Warrior Tire Co., Ltd. SP=Strategic Personnel HR= Human Resource HRM=Human Resource Management 4P=Product, Production, Prospective and carbon Pricing MDP= Managing Daily Performance (a key tool in Michelin’s Manufacturing Way) CCM=Cross-Cultural ManagementTABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................i 摘要...............................................................................................................................iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS........................................................................................iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ...............................................................................................v 目 录..........................................................................................................................vii LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................ix 图 目 录....................................................................................................................x 1. Introduction.............................................................................................................1 1.1. Research background ................................................................................1 1.2. Purpose and meaning of research .............................................................2 1.3. The logical structure of the thesis .............................................................5 1.4. Research content and methods..................................................................5 1.4.1. Research content ................................................................................5 1.4.2. Research methods ..............................................................................6 1.5. Innovation .................................................................................................8 2. Literature Review....................................................................................................9 2.1. Foreign Academic Research on Organizational Culture...........................9 2.2. Chinese Academic Research on Organizational Culture ........................13 2.3. Foreign Academic Research on Cross-Cultural Management ................16 2.4. Chinese Academic Research on Cross-Cultural Management................19 3. Case Description ...................................................................................................23 3.1. Michelin Group Overview ......................................................................23 3.1.1. Company Profile ..............................................................................23 3.1.2. Organizational structure...................................................................24 3.1.3. Michelin China.................................................................................25 3.2. Michelin Group organizational culture characteristics ...........................27 3.2.1. Respect for innovation .....................................................................27 3.2.2. Respect for employees .....................................................................293.2.3. Respect for customers ......................................................................33 3.2.4. Respect for shareholders ..................................................................35 3.2.5. Respect for the environment ............................................................38 3.2.6. Respect the facts ..............................................................................41 3.3. Michelin Group's Cross-Cultural Management Challenges in China.....43 3.3.1. Negociation of the joint venture management .................................43 3.3.2. Management system in China..........................................................47 4. Case Study ............................................................................................................51 4.1. Overbearing organizational culture.........................................................51 4.2. Unaccommodated management system in China ...................................57 5. Recommendations of Cross-Cultural Management in China for Michelin ..........62 5.1. Building a people-oriented and unified value .........................................62 5.2. Increasing cross-cultural training for Chinese employees ......................68 5.2.1. Cross-cultural Training Improvement for Michelin China ..............68 5.2.2. Oversea Training for Chinese employees ........................................74 6. Conclusion and Outlook .......................................................................................81 6.1. Conclusion ..............................................................................................81 6.2. Research Limitations ..............................................................................81 6.3. Research Outlook....................................................................................82 REFERENCE...............................................................................................................83目 录 摘要...............................................................................................................................iii 目 录..........................................................................................................................vii 图 目 录....................................................................................................................x 1. 绪论.........................................................................................................................1 1.1. 研究背景...................................................................................................1 1.2. 研究目的和意义.......................................................................................2 1.3. 论文结构...................................................................................................5 1.4. 研究内容和方法.......................................................................................5 1.4.1. 研究内容............................................................................................5 1.4.2. 研究方法............................................................................................6 1.5. 论文创新点...............................................................................................8 2. 文献综述.................................................................................................................9 2.1. 国外企业文化研究...................................................................................9 2.2. 国内企业文化研究.................................................................................13 2.3. 国外跨文化管理研究.............................................................................16 2.4. 国内跨文化管理研究.............................................................................19 3. 案例描述...............................................................................................................23 3.1. 米其林集团介绍.....................................................................................23 3.1.1. 公司简介..........................................................................................23 3.1.2. 管理组织架构..................................................................................24 3.1.3. 米其林中国......................................................................................25 3.2. 米其林集团企业文化特征.....................................................................27 3.2.1. 尊重创新..........................................................................................27 3.2.2. 尊重员工..........................................................................................29 3.2.3. 尊重客户..........................................................................................33 3.2.4. 尊重股东..........................................................................................35 3.2.5. 尊重环境..........................................................................................383.2.6. 尊重事实..........................................................................................41 3.3. 米其林集团在中国的跨文化管理挑战.................................................43 3.3.1. 合资谈判两度失败..........................................................................43 3.3.2. 管理制度难以推行..........................................................................47 4. 案例研究...............................................................................................................51 4.1. 总部企业文化过于强势.........................................................................51 4.2. 管理制度未能因地制宜.........................................................................57 5. 米其林集团在中国的跨文化管理优化方案.......................................................62 5.1. 构建以人为本的统一价值观.................................................................62 5.2. 增加中国员工的跨文化管理培训.........................................................68 5.2.1. 米其林中国的跨文化培训改善建议..............................................68 5.2.2. 中国员工的海外跨文化培训方案..................................................74 6. 结论与展望...........................................................................................................81 6.1. 研究结论.................................................................................................81 6.2. 研究局限.................................................................................................81 6.3. 研究展望.................................................................................................82