在全民创业浪潮的推动和国家政策的积极引导下，商业银行小微企业贷款业务 发展迅速。小微企业因其自身实力的限制，小微企业信贷业务存在诸多风险。因此， 十分有必要对商业银行小微企业信用风险防范与管理进行研究。尽管当前互联网金融 如火如荼，但商业银行仍是小微信贷“蓝海”的主力军。2008年以来，民生银行S 分行（以下简称S分行）在总行“小微金融”战略的引领下，致力于创新发展服务模 式，建设营业网点+互联网、信贷+抵押、综合金融服务等一站式发展平台，为民营小 微企业“输血”，帮助一大批小微企业进入发展的“快车道”。 然而，随着互联网金融的快速发展和经济发展趋势的变化，S分行防范和管理小 微企业信用风险的难度加大。升级转型的压力、民间信贷机构的蓬勃发展、行业风险 的逐步爆发和区域性风险的集中出现，使S分行蒙受了巨大损失，不良资产负担严重 阻碍了其发展。小微金融蕴含着巨大的商业利润，是商业银行未来重点发展和支持的 领域。找出小微企业信贷管理中存在的突出问题，并进行深入分析研究，探索如何使 风险管理更加科学高效，实现银企双赢，具有十分重要的意义。 本文以S分行为研究对象，采用文献研究法、实地调查和定性分析法，以“信息 不对称”理论、“信用评级”理论和“内部控制”理论为研究指导。本文在对小微企 业和信贷风险的概念界定，信用风险评级和贷款定价的文献研究的基础上，从S分行 小微企业信用风险管理的现状入手，针对信贷风险管理中存在的问题，分析了相关数 据和案例。通过发现小微企业信贷风险管理体系薄弱、信用评级不完善、流程体系监 管不到位、执行不力等问题，明晰了风险管理形式化、屡查屡犯等问题，找出了存在 的突出问题和原因。本文结合国内外理论研究和实践经验，提出了完善风险管理团队 建设、完善风险评价体系、优化小微评级指标、创新业务等风险管理优化策略，提升 该行的风险管理文化水平。 关键词：小微企业信贷业务风险管理优化民生银行 II ABSTRACT Underthepromotionofthewaveofnationalentrepreneurshipandtheactiveguidance ofnationalpolicies,thesmallandmicroenterpriseloanbusinessofcommercialbankshas developedrapidly.Limitedbythestrengthofsmallandmicroenterprises,therearemany risksinthecreditbusinessofsmallandmicroenterprises.Therefore,itisnecessaryto studythecreditriskpreventionandmanagementofsmallandmicroenterprisesin commercialbanks.AlthoughthecurrentInternetfinanceisinfullswing,commercialbanks arestillthemainforceofthe"blueocean"ofsmallandmicrocredit.Since2008,Minsheng Banksbranch(hereinafterreferredtoassbranch)undertheguidanceoftheheadoffice's "smallandmicrofinance"strategy,hasbeencommittedtoinnovatingthedevelopment servicemode,buildingone-stopdevelopmentplatformssuchasbusinessoutlets+Internet, credit+mortgageandcomprehensivefinancialservices,providing"bloodtransfusion"for privatesmallandmicroenterprises,andhelpingalargenumberofsmallandmicro enterprisesenterthe"fastlane"ofdevelopment. However,withtherapiddevelopmentofInternetFinanceandthechangeofeconomic developmenttrend,itismoredifficultforsbranchtopreventandmanagethecreditriskof smallandmicroenterprises.Thepressureofupgradingandtransformation,thevigorous developmentofprivatecreditinstitutions,thegradualoutbreakofindustrialrisksandthe concentratedemergenceofregionalriskshavemadesbranchsufferhugelosses,andthe burdenofnon-performingassetshasseriouslyhindereditsdevelopment.Smallandmicro financecontainshugecommercialprofits,whichisthekeydevelopmentandsupportfield ofcommercialbanksinthefuture.Itisofgreatsignificancetofindouttheoutstanding problemsexistinginthecreditmanagementofsmallandmicroenterprises,conduct in-depthanalysisandresearch,andexplorehowtomakeriskmanagementmorescientific andefficient,soastoachieveawin-winsituationbetweenbanksandenterprises. Thispapertakess-scorebehaviorastheresearchobject,adoptsthemethodsof literatureresearch,fieldinvestigationandqualitativeanalysis,andtakes"information asymmetry"theory,"creditrating"theoryand"internalcontrol"theoryastheresearch guidance.Basedontheliteratureresearchonthedefinitionofsmallandmicroenterprises andcreditrisk,creditriskratingandloanpricing,thispaperstartswiththecurrentsituation ofcreditriskmanagementofsmallandmicroenterprisesinsbranch,andanalyzesthe relevantdataandcasesinviewoftheproblemsexistingincreditriskmanagement. III Throughthediscoveryofsmallandmicroenterprisecreditriskmanagementsystemis weak,creditratingisnotperfect,processsystemsupervisionisnotinplace,poor implementationandotherproblems,theriskmanagementformalization,repeated investigationandrepeatedcrimesandotherproblemsareclarified,andtheexisting prominentproblemsandreasonsarefoundoutbinedwiththetheoreticalresearchand practicalexperienceathomeandabroad,thispaperputsforwardsomeriskmanagement optimizationstrategies,suchasimprovingtheriskmanagementteamconstruction, improvingtheriskevaluationsystem,optimizingthesmallandmicroratingindicators,and innovatingbusiness,soastoimprovethebank'sriskmanagementculturelevel. KEYWORDS:SmallandMicroEnterprisesCreditBusinessRiskManagement OptimizationMinshengBank IV 目录 摘要........................................................................................................................................I Abstract.................................................................................................................................Ⅲ 插图和附表清单...................................................................................................................VI 第一章绪论..............................................................................................................................................1 1.1研究背景与意义..............................................................................................................1 1.2国内外研究现状..............................................................................................................2 1.2.1国外研究现状...........................................................................................................2 1.2.2国内研究现状...........................................................................................................4 1.2.3文献评述...................................................................................................................6 1.3研究内容和方法............................................................................................................6 1.3.1研究内容...................................................................................................................6 1.3.2研究方法...................................................................................................................7 1.4研究思路与创新点..........................................................................................................8 1.4.1研究思路...................................................................................................................8 1.4.2创新点.......................................................................................................................8 第二章小微企业信贷风险理论研究...................................................................................8 2.1小微企业的概述..............................................................................................................9 2.1.1小微企业的界定.......................................................................................................9 2.1.2小微企业的特点.....................................................................................................10 2.2商业银行小微企业信贷业务发展及风险特征............................................................11 2.3商业银行小微企业信贷风险管理相关理论................................................................14 2.3.1信息不对称理论...................................................................................................14 2.3.2全面风险理论.......................................................................................................14 2.3.3关系型借贷理论...................................................................................................15 第三章S分行小微信贷业务发展及风险管理现状....................................................15 3.1中国民生银行S分行概况......................................................................