小微企业在国家经济和社会发展中发挥着重要作用。近年来，随着小微企业的快速 发展，国家对小微企业的支持以及对小微企业的贷款力度都是非常显著的。为了发展业 务和迅速增加资本，商业银行纷纷向小微企业提供贷款。银行作为一个高度专业化的金 融机构，运营过程中的风险发生概率较高，因此，往往面临不同类型的风险，其中最重 要的是信贷风险。我国商业银行由于经营不规范、管理落后，加上小微企业的特殊性， 难以控制小微企业信贷和经营管理中的信贷风险。向小微企业提供信贷服务而产生相关 的风险不仅会损害商业银行的竞争力和业务业绩，而且会损害其可持续性。因此，做好 小微企业信贷风险控制工作对商业银行来说极为重要。 本文以JY商业银行小微企业信贷业务整体风险状况分析为例，采用文献法、实地 调研法对风险控制问题进行研究探讨，具体内容主要是：首先，以文献检索的方法，搜 索阅读大量的与商业银行小微企业信贷风险控制相关文献资料，研究典型案例，进行理 论知识的储备与学习，为文章案例的分析和写作奠定了基础。其次选取了JY商业银行 小微企业信贷业务发展状况进行介绍和分析。从业务发展现状、业务基本情况入手介绍 了JY商业银行小微企业信贷业务发展概况后，介绍了该行的小微企业信贷风险控制现 状。然后对JY商业银行小微企业信贷风险展开分析，介绍了风险识别的方法、流程， 从管理风险、环境风险、道德风险和操作风险四个方面分析了JY商业银行小微企业信 贷的风险后，选取小微企业财务状况、国家经济状况等指标，建立了风险度量模型 ——Probit模型和Logistic模型。研究结果显示，国家经济形势越好，小微企业规模越 大、盈利水平越高，小微企业业主的信用状况越好，违约的可能性越小；利用洛伦兹曲 线检验后发现，该模型的整体预测准确率约为95%，具有很好的区分度，JY商业银行 在日常风险控制过程中可以使用该模型进行业务的风险度量。最后，提出了商业银行小 微企业信贷风险控制措施。在管理、环境、道德和操作等领域采取具体的风险预防和控 制措施，应该从以下4个方面入手： 第一，风险控制，商业银行建立一个全面的风险 控制机制，以提高对银行风险内部控制的认识，建立风险控制信息系统，使银行能够对 小微企业提供的信贷业务进行调整，加强对信贷风险的监测和预警；第二，环境风险控 制，商业银行必须学会利用数据建立小微企业信用评分机制；必须改善获得信息和通信 II 的机会，加强信息沟通。第三，道德风险控制，建立道德风险控制机制，不断提高信贷 人员的综合素质。第四，操作风险控制，商业银行必须优化小微企业贷款过程，充分利 用利率市场提供的机会，准确建立和完善信贷人员考核机制。 本研究旨在改善JY商业银行小微企业的信贷风险控制问题，帮助JY商业银行在控 制整体信贷风险，为实现持续向上发展方面提供有力支持，同时也为其他商业银行小微 企业信贷风险控制提供借鉴。 关键词：小微企业，信贷，风险控制 III ABSTRACT Small and micro enterprises play an important role in national economic and social development. In recent years, with the rapid development of small and micro enterprises, the state's support for small and micro enterprises and the strength of loans to small and micro enterprises are very significant. In order to develop business and increase capital rapidly, commercial banks provide loans to small and micro enterprises. As a highly specialized financial institution, banks have a high probability of risk occurrence in the operation process. Therefore, they often face different types of risks, the most important of which is credit risk. Due to the nonstandard operation, backward control and the particularity of small and micro enterprises, it is difficult for commercial banks to control the credit risk of small and micro enterprises. The risks associated with the provision of credit services to small and micro enterprises will not only damage the competitiveness and business performance of commercial banks, but also their sustainability. Therefore, it is very important for commercial banks to do a good job in credit risk control of small and micro enterprises. In this paper, JY commercial bank small and micro enterprise credit business overall risk analysis as an example, the use of literature, field research methods to study the risk control issues, the specific contents are as follows: first of all, with the method of literature retrieval, search and read a large number of literature related to commercial bank small and micro enterprise credit risk control, research typical cases, theoretical knowledge storage Preparation and study lay the foundation for the analysis and writing of the article cases. Secondly, it introduces and analyzes the development of small and micro enterprise credit business of JY commercial bank. This paper introduces the development of small and micro enterprise credit business of JY commercial bank from the perspective of business development status and business basic situation, and then introduces the current situation of small and micro enterprise credit risk control of JY commercial bank. Then it analyzes the credit risk of small and micro enterprises of JY commercial bank, introduces the method and process of risk identification, analyzes the risk of small and micro enterprise credit of JY commercial bank from four aspects of control risk, environmental risk, moral risk and operational risk, selects the financial status of small and micro enterprises, national economic status and IV other indicators, and establishes the risk measurement model -- probit model and logist model IC model. The research results show that the better the national economic situation, the larger the scale of small and micro enterprises, the higher the profit level, the better the credit status of the owners of small and micro enterprises, and the less the possibility of default. After using the Lorenz curve test, it is found that the overall prediction accuracy of the model is about 95%, which has a good distinction. JY commercial bank can use the model in the daily risk control process Risk measurement of the business.Finally, the paper puts forward the credit risk control measures for small and micro enterprises of commercial banks. To take specific risk prevention and control measures in the fields of control, environment, ethics and operation, we should start from the following four aspects: first, risk control, commercial banks to establish a comprehensive risk control mechanism, in order to improve the understanding of internal control of bank risk, to establish a risk control information system, so that banks can adjust the credit business provided by small and micro enterprises Second, environmental risk control, commercial banks must learn to use data to establish credit scoring mechanism for small and micro enterprises, improve access to information and communication opportunities, and strengthen information communication. Third, moral risk control, establish moral risk control mechanism, and constantly improve the comprehensive quality of credit personnel. Fourth, operational risk control, commercial banks must optimize the loan process of small and micro enterprises, make full use of the opportunities provided by the interest rate market, and accurately establish and improve the credit personnel assessment mechanism. The purpose of this study is to improve the credit risk control of small and micro enterprises of JY commercial bank, and help JY commercial bank to provide strong support in controlling the overall credit risk and achieving sustainable development. At the same time, it also provides reference for other commercial banks to control the credit risk of small and micro enterprises. KEY WORDS：Small and Micro Enterprises, Credit, Risk Control V 目 录 摘要...............I ABSTRACTIII 1 绪论............1 1.1 研究背景及意义................1 1.1.1 研究背景.....................1 1.1.2 研究意义.....................2 1.2 国内外研究现状................2 1.2.1 国外研究现状.............2 1.2.2 国内研究现状.............3 1.3 研究内容与研究方法........5 1.3.1 研究内容.....................5 1.3.2 研究方法.....................5 1.4 研究思路............................6 1.5 创新之处............................6 2 相关概念界定和理论基础.......7 2.1 小微企业............................7 2.2 小微企业信贷风险及特点8 2.2.1 小微企业信贷风险.....8 2.2.2小微企业信贷风险的特点.........................8 2.2.3 小微企业信贷风险控制的内容................9 2.3 小微企业信贷风险控制理论基础.................10 2.3.