矸石充填开采是我国绿色开采的重要组成部分，同时也是“三下”采煤方法中重要的 一种。报告以沈煤集团西马矿 1327 工作面为工程背景，综合采用理论分析、统计分析和 数值计算等方法，通过对地表岩层移动规律进行分析，得出了矸石充填开采沉陷的影响因 素。并对其进行归纳，总结为采空区充满率和矸石充填体压缩率两个主要影响因素。利用 课题组自行开发的地表下沉预计软件及我国“三下”开采规程中对建筑物保护等级的划分 确定了西马矿 1327 工作面的地表沉陷预计方案。在此基础上，分析了不同等效采高及临 界采高下矸石充填地表沉陷量，得出了不同压缩率下的最低矸石充满率，并对提高矸石充 填效果的技术措施进行了分析，以满足工程实践的需要。 关键词，岩移规律；充满率；压缩率；沉陷预计Abstract Gangue filling mining is an important part of green mining in China. At the same time, coal mining under buildings, railway and water-body is also an important coal mining method. The Xima mine 1327working surface of Shenyang coal trade group is taken as engineering background. The theoretical analysis, statistical analysis, numerical simulation and other research methods are used. Based on the analysis of surface rock movement, it gets influence factor of gangue filling mining subsidence, and summaries that goaf filling percentage and gangue backfill compression rate as two main influencing factors. Through the self-developed surface subsidence prediction software and China's three under mining regulations on building protective grade to determine surface subsidence prediction scheme of the 1327 working face of Xima Mine. On this foundation, analyzed different mining height and the critical mining with gangue filling ground subsidence, and reached different compression ratio of Gangue Filled with rate, then analyzed to improve the gangue filling effect of technical measures in order to satisfy the need of Engineering practice. Key Words，surface strata movement rule；full rate; compression ratio; subsidence prediction目 录 摘要 ......................................................................................................... II Abstract ........................................................................................................... III 1. 绪论 ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1 选题背景及意义 ................................................................................1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ................................................................................4 1.2.1 国外研究现状 ............................................................................... 4 1.2.2 国内研究现状 ............................................................................... 5 1.3 报告的主要研究内容 .........................................................................8 1.4 报告的技术路线 ................................................................................9 2 矸石充填开采地表移动变形影响因素分析 ............................................... 10 2.1 自行垮落法开采岩层移动分析 ........................................................10 2.1.1 开采引起上覆岩层移动变形 ...................................................... 10 2.1.2 开采引起地表移动变形 .............................................................. 12 2.3 矸石充填开采岩层移动分析 ............................................................14 2.3.1 充填体的作用机理 ..................................................................... 14 2.3.2 充填影响因素分析 ..................................................................... 15 2.3.3 充满率及压缩率范围分析 .......................................................... 18 3 西马矿 1327 工作面地表移动变形预计方案确定 ..................................... 20 3.1 西马矿及 1327 工作面概况..............................................................20 3.1.1 西马矿概况................................................................................. 20 3.1.2 1327 工作面概况 ........................................................................ 21 3.2 开采变形预计方案确定 ...................................................................24 3.2.1 预计方法分类 ............................................................................. 24 3.2.2 预计方法的选择 ......................................................................... 25 3.3 预计条件与要求 ..............................................................................284. 西马矿地表沉陷预计与分析 .................................................................... 32 4.1 地表下沉预计软件 ...........................................................................32 4.2 预计参数选择 ..................................................................................33 4.3 预计结果分析 ..................................................................................34 4.3.1 不同等效采高下矸石充填法地表沉陷结果分析 ........................ 34 4.3.2 临界采高下矸石充填法地表沉陷结果分析 ................................ 38 5. 矸石充填质量提高的措施建议 ................................................................ 44 5.1 提高矸石充填充满率 .......................................................................44 5.1.1 不同充填工艺的充满率 .............................................................. 44 5.1.2 综合机械化矸石充填充满率提高措施 ....................................... 47 5.2 减小矸石充填体压缩率 ...................................................................51 6 结论与展望 ............................................................................................... 53 6.1 结论 .................................................................................................53 6.2 展望 .................................................................................................53