I 摘要 位于安徽淮北市五沟镇的安徽省皖北煤电集团五沟煤矿为隐伏式煤田，矿井 二采取西翼主采煤层为 10 煤。依据采厚，矿井在初步设计时，二采区西翼原设 计的开采上限为-340m 水平，累计压煤 370 余万 t。这造成了严重的煤炭资源损 失和经济损失，其合理性受到严重的质疑。因此，开展含水层下 1026 工作面缩 小防水煤柱开采可行性研究迫在眉睫。 本报告以五沟煤矿 1026 工作面为研究对象，结合周边钻孔揭露资料，系统 地分析了五沟煤矿二采区开采方法工艺、工作面水文地质环境、主采煤层覆岩组 合结构特征、岩石坚硬程度、覆岩的移动破坏演化规律等。依据前期施工的水文 补勘和“两带”实测资料，结合二采区的采矿地质条件，设置了 1 个采前水文探 查孔并取样，即 1026-1，对岩样做岩石力学与水理性质测试。结论如下：1026 工作面 10 煤顶板覆岩为软弱-中硬地层，其具有较好的隔、阻水能力；据岩层水 理性质试验结果分析得出基岩风化带再生隔水性能较好；采用 FLAC 3D 模拟软件模 拟不同工作面推进距离和不同采宽情况下采空区围岩的应力变化、位移变化，得 出区围岩的应力和位移量均随采空区范围、采宽以及推进速度的增大而增大，另 工作面中部剖切面上的应力、位移量均比工作面端部的值要大，即留设防水煤柱 时应根据工作面中部剖切面上的破坏范围留设。根据计算机数值模拟分析得出防 水煤柱高度为 29.1m，按“三下”留设的防水煤柱高度为 24.78m，按实测类比留 设的防水煤柱高度为 30.76m，综合比较按照不同方法留设的防水煤柱高度，认 为 1026 工作面缩小防水煤柱开采是可行的。最后，通过与相邻煤矿的对比分析， 得出结论：在做好水害防治的基础上，结合其他类似工作面的成功经验，1026 工作面是可以安全开采的。 图[32] 表[18] 参[55] 关键词：缩小防水煤柱；FLAC 3D 数值模拟；可行性分析；安全性分析； 分类号：TD822；安徽建筑大学硕士学位报告 Abstract II Abstract The Wugou coalfield which located in Wugou town, Huaibei City, AnHui Province is concealed coalfield, The main coal seam in the mining area which located in the western of this coalfield is 10 coal. Based on the thickness of mining, when the mine is preliminary designed, the mining area of the West Wing of one mining area is designed at the upper limit of -340m, and more than 3,700,000 tons of coal is pressed. However, it caused severe resources loss and economic losses, which led to intense questioning by others. So, it’s necessary to launch the research for decreasing the waterproof coal pillar in the 1026 inner working face under the aquifer. This thesis takes Wu Gou coalfield 1026 working area as main objective, systematically analyzes the tunnel arrangement system, mining method, main coal seam overburden structure characteristics, rock hardness degree and damage range, degree of surface movement and deformation. According to the exploration and construction of hydrological data, cooperated with the geological conditions of second mining area，it has been set one before mining and hydrological exploration hole sampling，it’s 1026-1 and its rock mechanics and water-physical property has been tested. The result showed that top rock formation of mining coal in 1026 working face is weak-medium hard stratum, which is against fracture development and has better water blocking capability, and according to the water-physical property test, the regenerating water blocking capability is better in the bedrock weathering zone. On the other hand, by adopting FLAC 3D software simulation，the surrounding rock’s mining pressure diversification and displacement diversification will increase when the goaf range, mining surface widththe width and the advancement speed increase. These parameters in the middle of working area is larger than its in the top, it means setting water barrier should on the basis of the damage range of the middle of working area。According to the computer simulation, the water barrier is 29.1m; according to Coal mining specification with different face advance distance, the water barrier is 24.78m ； According to analogy method, the water barrier is 30.76m. After comprehensive consideration, the reducing waterproof coal pillar mining is feasible。 At last, by comparing with adjacent mining coalfield, it can be concluded that on the basis of flood preventing, cooperating with the successful experiences of other allied working area, 1026 working area can be safe explored Figure [32] Table [18] Senate [55] Key words：Reducing waterproof coal pillars; FLAC 3D numerical simulation;安徽建筑大学硕士学位报告 Abstract III Feasibility analysis; Safety analysis; Chinese books catalog: TD822安徽建筑大学硕士学位报告 目录 IV 目 录 摘要............................................................I Abstract...........................................................II 目 录.............................................................IV 附表清单..........................................................VII 插图清单.........................................................VIII 第一章 绪论........................................................1 1.1 研究的目的与意义 ............................................1 1.2 国内外研究现状...............................................2 1.2.1 国外研究现状 ...........................................2 1.2.2 国内研究现状 ...........................................3 1.3 研究内容与方法...............................................4 1.3.1 研究内容 ...............................................4 1.3.2 研究方法 ...............................................4 第二章 1026 工作面水文地质条件 .....................................6 2.1 1026 工作面概况及开采量......................................6 2.2 煤层及赋存情况 ..............................................6 2.3 地质构造 ....................................................7 2.3.1 褶曲 ...................................................7 2.3.2 断层 ...................................................7 2.4 水文地质条件 ................................................8 2.4.1 含水层与隔水层.........................................8 2.4.2 煤层上、下砂岩裂隙含水层（段）........................12 2.4.3 煤层下至太原组一灰间隔水层（段） ......................12 2.4.4 煤层顶、底板砂岩裂隙含水层（段）涌水量估算 ............13 2.4.5 岩石矿物的微观分析....................................13 2.5 五沟煤矿缩小防水煤柱开采现状 ...............................16 2.5.1 已有缩小防水煤柱开采概况 ..............................16 2.5.2 已采工作面的出水状况及措施 ............................18 2.6 小结 .......................................................19 第三章 1026 工作面工程地质条件研究 ................................20 3.1 煤层顶板、底板岩性分析......................................20 3.1.1 顶、底板岩性组成特征..................................20 3.1.2 10 煤层距基岩面间距 ...................................21 3.2 顶、底板岩石物理力学特征 ...................................22 3.2.1 10 煤层的岩石质量指标值 ...............................22 3.2.2 岩石水理试验..........................................22 3.2.3 岩块的物理、力学性质试验..............................23 3.3 顶、底板岩体结构特征 .......................................27 3.3.1 顶板岩体结构特征......................................27 3.3.2 底板岩体结构特征 ......................................28 3.4 钻孔封孔情况 ...............................................29 3.5 小结 .......................................................29安徽建筑大学硕士学位报告 目录 V 第四章 1026 工作面数值模拟分析 ....................................31 4.1 概述........................................................31 4.2 FLAC 3D 数值模拟软件简介......................................31 4.3 几何模型建立................................................32 4.3.1 确定地层模型范围 ......................................32 4.3.2 模型材料参数的确定....................................32 4.3.3 模型边界条件及初始应力的确定..........................33 4.3.4 模型的开挖及破坏准则..................................33 4.4 数值模拟结果分析 ...........................................34 4.4.1 模型初始应力..........................................34 4.4.2 采动后模型垂直应力分析................................35 4.4.3 采动后模型剪应力分析..................................41 4.4.4 采动后模型位移分析....................................45 4.4 小结 .......................................................50 第五章 合理留设 1026 工作面防水煤柱................................52 5.1 合理留设煤岩柱高度可行性分析................................52 5.1.1 物探测井..............................................52 5.1.2 地面钻探 ..............................................52 5.1.3 开采技术方法..........................................52 5.1.4 与已缩小防水煤柱开采工作面的地质、水文地质、工程地质、采 矿条件的区别................................................52 5.2 按“三下”开采规范留设 .....................................53 5.3 按“计算机数值计算”成果留设 ...............................53 5.4 五沟煤矿实测成果资料留设 ...................................54 5.5 可行性分析 .................................................54 第六章 1026 工作面开采安全可靠性评价 ...............................56 6.1 有利条件 ...................................................56 6.1.1 邻矿的成功实践为 1026 工作面安全开采提供了依据.........56 6.1.2 松散层的地质环境有利于开采............................56 6.1.3 开采技术条件好，顶板不易产生非均衡破坏................57 6.1.4 古地形特征和基岩风化带深度............................57 6.1.5 基岩风化带的物理力学性质..............................57 6.1.6 施工设备完善，工艺先进................................57 6.2 不利条件及可能出现的问题 ...................................58 6.2.1 砂岩裂隙水的影响......................................58 6.2.2 断层的影响............................................58 6.2.3 顶板岩性变软的影响 ....................................58 6.3 主要安全技术措施 ...........................................58 6.4 可行性评价 .................................................59 第七章 结论与展望..................................................60 7.1 结论 .......................................................60 7.2 展望 .......................................................61