摘 要
党的十八届三中全会以来，普惠金融的概念已深入人心。我国农村人口比例
较大，当前普惠金融主要实践区域在农村，而农村信用社、农村商业银行等农村
中小金融机构则因立足村居社区、服务三农、网点遍布城乡各地等特点，成为践
行国家普惠金融政策的重要力量。2018 年的中央一号文件指出，要走中国特色
社会主义乡村振兴道路。农户小额信贷是农村金融体系的重要组成部分，农户小
额信贷也叫做微型金融，它主要是指相关金融单位，依照农户的具体经济水平或
是信用状况等条件，确定合理的贷款授信额度及贷款使用期限，面向农户发放的
贷款。贷款资金一般用于生产经营、利率相对较低、贷款客群的自我组织等属性。
农户小额信贷业务具有金额小、频次高、时间急、风险大的特点，明显区别
于城市个人业务或法人贷款客户。传统的城市金融服务管理模式收效甚微，受我
国国情、补偿机制和民俗风情等条件的相互制约，国外一些较为成功的模式也不
能完全复制。因此开展农户小额信贷，是否能够有效控制风险，是 Y农村商银
行服务“三农”经营理念，健康可持续发展的重要内容和主要衡量标准。Y农村
商业银行立足Y市地区，作为一家发展多年的本土金融机构，农户小额信贷业
务作为其特色业务，农户小额信贷风险管理问题的研究对于该行具有重大意义。
本文选取Y农村商业银行作为研究对象，通过文献研究法、层次分析法、案例
分析法、实地调查法和问卷调查法等方法研究农户小额信贷风险管理问题，为该
行在该领域的分析研判提供对策和建议参考。本文首先介绍了农户小额信贷业务
风险管理的国内外研究情况及相关理论基础，并对农户小额信贷业务风险管理的
相关概念进行界定。其次分析了 Y农村商业银行农户小额信贷业务现状、农户
小额信贷业务风险管理现状，总结概括了 Y农村商业银行农户小额信贷业务风
险管理存在的问题及成因。再次从农户小额信贷业务市场风险、信用风险、操作
风险、声誉风险等方面，对 Y农村商业银行农户小额信贷进行风险识别，最后
采用层次分析法进行风险评价，并结合 Y农村商业银行农户小额信贷风险管理
实际情况，提出相应风险管理的建议和对策。
通过本文的研究，为 Y农村商业银行农户小额信贷业务风险管理方面提供
了针对性的建议，有利于Y农村商业银行提高农户小额信贷业务风险管理水平，
对于Y农村商业银行健康可持续发展有着重要意义。
关键词：农村商业银行；小额信贷；风险管理
I

Abstract
Since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the concept
of inclusive finance has been deeply rooted. The proportion of China 's rural
population is large. At present, the main practice area of inclusive finance is in rural
areas, and rural small and medium-sized financial institutions such as rural credit
cooperatives and rural commercial banks have become an important force in the
practice of national inclusive financial policy because of their characteristics such as
based on rural communities, serving agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and network
throughout urban and rural areas. The Central Document No. 1 of 2018 pointed out
that the road to rural revitalization of socialism with Chinese characteristics should be
taken. Farmers ’ micro-credit is an important part of the rural financial system.
Farmers ’micro-credit is also called micro-finance, which mainly refers to the relevant
financial units that determine the reasonable loan credit amount and loan use period
according to the specific economic level or credit conditions of farmers, and provide
loans to farmers.
Loan funds are generally used for various production and
operation, relatively low interest rates, self-organization of loan customers and other
attributes.
Farmers ' micro-credit business has the characteristics of small amount, high
frequency, short time and high risk, which is obviously different from urban personal
business or corporate loan customers. The traditional management mode of urban
financial services has little effect. Due to the mutual restriction of China 's national
conditions, compensation mechanism and folk customs, some successful models
abroad cannot be completely copied. Therefore, the development of farmers '
micro-credit, whether can effectively control the risk, is the Y rural commercial bank
service ' three rural ' business philosophy, the important content and the main measure
of healthy and sustainable development. Y rural commercial bank is based in Y city.
As a local financial institution that has been developing for many years, the
micro-credit business of farmers is its characteristic business. The research on the
micro-credit risk management of farmers is of great significance to the bank. In this
paper, Y rural commercial bank is selected as the research object. Through literature
research, analytic hierarchy process, case analysis, field survey, questionnaire survey
and other methods, the problem of small-scale credit risk management of farmers is
studied to provide optimization countermeasures and suggestions for the analysis and
III

judgment of the bank in this field. This paper first introduces the domestic and
foreign research and related theoretical basis of the risk management of
farmers ’microfinance business, and defines the related concepts of the risk
management of farmers ’microfinance business. Secondly, it analyzes the current
situation of Y rural commercial bank farmers ' micro-credit business, farmers '
micro-credit business risk management status, summarizes the problems and causes of
Y rural commercial bank farmers ' micro-credit business risk management. Again
from the farmers microfinance business market natural risk, credit risk, operational
risk, reputation risk and other aspects of Y rural commercial bank farmers
microfinance risk identification, finally using analytic hierarchy process, expert
investigation and credit scoring method for risk assessment, combined with the actual
situation of Y rural commercial bank farmers microfinance risk management, puts
forward the corresponding risk management optimization Suggestions and
countermeasures.
Through this study, it provides targeted optimization suggestions for the risk
management of rural micro-credit business of Y rural commercial banks, which is
beneficial to improve the risk management level of rural micro-credit business of Y
rural commercial banks and is of great significance for the healthy and sustainable
development of Y rural commercial banks.
Key Words: Rural Commercial Bank ，Microfinance ，Risk managemen
IV
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