近年来，我国社会经济水平的不断发展，使得我国市场经济体制也得到了完善与 发展，整个社会的消费结构不断优化、水平持续提高。与此同时，汽车金融、住房金 融等各种类型的个人贷款业务，也随着整个金融体制改革步伐的加快和外资银行相关 业务先后进入我国而爆发。以上原因造成的个人贷款业务量的日益增长已经成为商业 银行新的利润增长点。随着个人贷款业务的迅猛发展，其风险也初见端倪，再加上个 人的抗风险能力相比较于组织来说比较低，影响个人贷款还款的因素比较多，使得个 人贷款发生风险的频率增加。银行在个人贷款业务的管理中存在的不足，体现在一些 银行不断攀升的不良贷款率上面，所以银行要在从事个人贷款业务的过程中不断强化 风险管理，但这一过程受社会外界及银行内部管理等多重因素的影响。金融机构需要 对如何进行个人贷款风险管理进行深入思考和实践。要实现经济的可持续发展，防范 风险的措施出台及政策的制定等行为都势在必行。 本论文以A商业银行为研究对象，重点针对个人贷款业务的风险控制管理进行研 究。论文以风险评估、信息不对称等理论为研究基础，通过文献研究、问卷调查、统 计分析等方法，对A商业银行的个人贷款业务种类、业务流程以及个人贷款业务风险 进行分析，并通过问卷调查的数据分析，归纳出个人贷款业务风险控制管理存在风险 防范机制不规范、内部组织机制不健全等问题，并在此基础上分析出这些风险存在的 原因，同时按照业务流程提出优化贷前调查和审核标准、加强贷中审核与风险评估、 强化贷后监管与风险处置的解决思路。论文研究的结论强调要加强A商业银行个人贷 款业务的管理，强化风险的识别与防范，优化贷前调查与审核标准，加强贷中审核与 风险评估，强化贷后监控与风险处置，提高A商业银行个人贷款业务的风险控制能力， 从而提高A商业银行在城市商业银行中的竞争能力。 关键词:个人贷款业务，商业银行，风险控制，贷款审批 Ⅱ Abstract In recent years, China's social and economic level has been constantly developing, promoting the improvement and development of China's market economy system, the consumption structure of the whole society has been continuously optimized and the level has been continuously improved. At the same time, the auto finance, housing finance and other types of personal loan business also with the acceleration of the pace of the reform of the entire financial system and foreign Banks have entered the relevant business and burst.The growing volume of these personal loans has become a new profit growth point for commercial Banks. With the rapid development of personal loan business, the risk of personal loan is emerging. In addition, the anti-risk ability of individuals is relatively low compared with that of organizations, and there are more factors affecting the repayment of personal loan, which increases the risk frequency of personal loan. Judging from the rising non-performing loan ratio of some Banks and the frequent exposure of personal loan dishonesty cases, there are still many deficiencies in the management of personal loan business.Many factors, such as the internal management of Banks and the construction of social integrity, require Banks to continuously strengthen risk management in the process of personal loan business. Financial institutions need to think deeply and practice how to manage the risk of personal loans. In order to realize the sustainable development of economy, it is imperative to formulate measures and policies to prevent risks. This thesis takes A commercial bank as the research object and focuses on the risk control management of personal loan business.Based on the risk assessment and information asymmetry theory, this paper classifies the personal loan business of commercial Banks by means of literature research, questionnaire survey and statistical analysis. business processes, and personal loans business risk is analyzed, and through the questionnaire data analysis, summed up A personal loan business risk control management risk prevention mechanism is not standard, the internal organization mechanism is not sound, and on the basis of the analysis the reasons of the existence of these risks, and at the same time, in accordance with the business process optimization loan before the survey, and audit standards, strengthen the credit audit and risk assessment, strengthen post-loan Ⅲ supervision and risk management solution.Thesis research conclusion emphasizes to strengthen the management of A commercial bank personal loan business to optimize the loan before the survey and audit standards, strengthen the audit and risk assessment in the loan, strengthen post-loan monitoring and risk management, improve A personal loans of commercial Banks risk control ability, thus improve A competitive ability of commercial Banks in the city commercial Banks. Key words: Risk control; Commercial banks; Personal loan business; Loan approval Ⅵ 目 录 第一章 绪论 .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 研究背景及意义 ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 研究背景 .......................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 研究意义 .......................................................................................................... 2 1.2 文献综述 ..................................................................................................................... 3 1.2.1 国外研究综述 .................................................................................................. 3 1.2.2 国内研究综述 .................................................................................................. 4 1.3 研究内容和研究方法 ................................................................................................. 6 1.3.1 研究内容 .......................................................................................................... 6 1.3.2 研究方法及论文框架 ...................................................................................... 7 第二章 相关概念及理论基础 .................................................................................................. 9 2.1 个人贷款业务及风险概述 ......................................................................................... 9 2.1.1 风险概念 .......................................................................................................... 9 2.1.2 银行风险概念 .................................................................................................. 9 2.1.3 银行个人贷款业务及风险特点 ...................................................................... 9 2.2 个人贷款业务风险的类型和管控 ........................................................................... 10 2.2.1 个人贷款业务风险的类型 ............................................................................ 10 2.2.2 个人贷款的风险管控概述 ............................................................................ 11 2.2.3 个人贷款风险管控的基本方法 .................................................................... 13 2.3 个人贷款风险管理的基本理论 ............................................................................... 14 2.3.1 风险评估理论 ................................................................................................ 14 2.3.2 信息不对称理论 ............................................................................................ 16 2.3.3 预期收入理论 ................................................................................................ 16 2.3.4 信用脆弱理论 ................................................................................................ 17 第三章 A银行个人贷款业务风险管理现状、问题及原因分析 ........................................ 18 3.1 商业银行个人贷款的业务状况 ............................................................................... 18 3.1.1 个人贷款主要业务品种 ................................................................................ 18 3.1.2 个人贷款业务结构分析 ................................................................................ 19 Ⅴ 3.2 A商业银行的个人贷款业务现状及风险分析 ......................................................... 20 3.2.1