国内经济经历着深刻变革，银行业过往的“黄金十年”、“躺着赚钱”的局面也在发生着 迅速的转变。在过去相当长的一段时期内，国内的商业银行以粗放式经营为路线，利润主要依 靠“存贷息差”，银行业规模不断扩大，收益水平保持高速稳定增长。但随着全球经济的下行， 银行业整体的经营发展进入了增速急剧放缓、盈利水平下降、同业竞争白热化的时代，这一点 在全国数量占绝大多数的股份制银行、城商行、农商行系统中体现的尤为明显。NJ银行也正在 面临同样的问题，前期的超高速增长给现阶段的运行带来了巨大的压力，不可避免地进入到发 展的转型期、阵痛期，须努力降低风险，进行更科学的风险管控。 本文从理论出发，联系实际，深入分析NJ银行现行的企业信用评价体系，找出其存在的 问题与不足，并针对这些问题进行评价体系的优化和重构，尝试建立一套行之有效的信用评价 方案。在对评价主体细分的基础上，选取大中型制造业企业为目标客户，对大中型制造业企业 信用评价体系进行指标设计、评价方法及评价标准等方面进行优化，采用层次分析法对定性、 定量指标进行权重测算，进而得到企业的综合信用评分。同时，以NGC企业作为案例，利用 优化后的大中型制造业企业信用评价体系对其进行信用评定，评定结果表明：优化后的企业信 用评价体系具有可行性，能够更为准确的评定企业信用等级。另外，结合全文分析，为NJ银 行今后的企业信用风险评价体系建设提出了几点建议：不断完善自身的信用评价体系、指标预 期值纳入评价体系建设、多方位获取评价信息等。 关键词：大中型制造业企业，信用评价体系，优化与重构，案例分析 NJ银行大中型制造业企业信用评价体系优化与重构研究 II ABSTRACT The domestic economy is undergoing profound changes, and the "golden decade" of banking and "making money lying around" are also undergoing rapid changes. In the past, quite a long period of time, domestic commercial banks took extensive operation as the route, and their profits mainly depended on the "deposit and loan interest margin". However, with the global economic downturn, the overall operation and development of the banking industry has entered an era of sharp slowdown in the growth rate, declining profitability and fierce competition, which is particularly evident in the majority of joint-stock banks, urban commercial banks and rural commercial banks. NJ Bank is also facing the same problem. The super-high growth in the early period brings great pressure to the current stage of operation, and it inevitably enters the transition period and pain period of development, striving to reduce risks and carry out more scientific risk management and control. This paper will start from the theory and combine with the practice, deeply analyze the current enterprise credit evaluation system of NJ Bank, find out the existing problems and deficiencies at the current stage, optimize and reconstruction the evaluation system for these problems, trying to establish a set of effective credit evaluation program. On the basis of subdivision of evaluation subjects, large and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises are selected as target customers, the index design, evaluation methods and evaluation standards of the enterprise credit evaluation system are optimized, and qualitative and quantitative indicators are weighted by AHP, so as to obtain the comprehensive score of the enterprise. At the same time, taking NGC enterprise as a case, the optimized credit evaluation system of large and medium-sized enterprises is used for credit evaluation. The evaluation results show that the optimized enterprise credit evaluation system is feasible and can more accurately evaluate the enterprise credit rating. In addition, combined with the full text analysis, the paper puts forward several suggestions for the future enterprise credit risk evaluation system of NJ Bank: continuously improving its own credit evaluation system, the expected value of indicators will be included in the construction of the evaluation system, obtaining evaluation information from multiple perspectives and so on. Keywords:Medium and large enterprises, credit evaluation system, optimization and reconstruction, case analysis 南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 III 目 录 第一章 绪论 .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景与意义...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 研究背景....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 研究意义....................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 文献综述 ................................................................................................................................. 2 1.2.1 国外文献综述 ............................................................................................................... 2 1.2.2 国内文献综述 ............................................................................................................... 5 1.3 研究内容 ................................................................................................................................. 8 1.4 研究方法 ................................................................................................................................. 8 1.5 技术路线图 ............................................................................................................................. 9 第二章 企业信用评价理论及其方法 ................................................................................................. 10 2.1 信用风险相关概念 ................................................................................................................ 10 2.1.1信用与信用风险 .......................................................................................................... 10 2.1.2 信用评价..................................................................................................................... 10 2.2 信用评价相关理论 ................................................................................................................ 12 2.2.1 全面风险管理理论 ..................................................................................................... 12 2.2.2 信息不对称理论 ......................................................................................................... 12 2.3 信用评价方法概述 ................................................................................................................ 12 2.3.1 要素分析法 ................................................................................................................. 12 2.3.2 统计模型法 ................................................................................................................. 13 2.3.3 层次分析法 ................................................................................................................. 13 第三章 NJ银行大中型制造业企业信用评价体系现状及存在的问题 ........................................... 15 3.1 NJ银行简介 ........................................................................................................................... 15 3.2 NJ银行现行的大中型制造业企业信用评价体系现状 ....................................................... 16 3.2.1 信用评价要素的设置 ................................................................................................. 16 3.2.2 信用评价指标及评价权重的确定 ............................................................................. 16 3.2.3 信用评价标准的确定 ................................................................................................. 17 3.2.4 信用评价等级的划分 ................................................................................................. 20 3.3 NJ银行现行的大中型制造业企业信用评价体系存在的问题 ........................................... 21 3.3.1 信用评价主体未按企业规模实施细分 ..................................................................... 21 NJ银行大中型制造业企业信用评价体系优化与重构研究 IV 3.3.2 信用评价要素、指标的设置存在缺陷 .....