摘要
我国虽为传统农业大国，但依然由于农业生产周期长、资金循环效率低等先天弱势，
导致其发展缓慢。为了解决当前制约我国农业发展的“融资难、融资少、融资贵”的问题，
引导金融机构加大对农业的资金投放力度，近几年应运而生了农业信贷融资担保机构。
2016年中央一号文件提出要建立和完善国家农业信用担保制度，加快建立和运行省级农
业信贷担保机构。随后每年的中央一号文件都对发展农业信贷融资担保做出了部署。2022
年发布的《关于做好 2022年全面推进乡村振兴重点工作的意见》明确指出，要充分发挥
农业担保在农村金融领域的作用。由此可见，在当前经济新常态下，建立健全的农业信贷
担保制度是推进乡村振兴、创新金融支农手段的需要。
全国农业信贷担保体系运行至今还处于摸索式发展的阶段，为了更好的发挥政策效应，
全国农业信贷担保体系一直致力于业务规模的增长，而风险防控制度建设却未到位，因此
近年来风险隐患逐渐显现。农业融资担保风险管理成效不仅影响到各个省级农业信贷担保
公司的生存与发展，同样也是衡量其政策效果的重要因素。H农业信贷融资担保有限公司
（以下简称“H农担”）于 2009年创立，2017年改组成为省财政厅出资管理的的政策性
融资担保公司，作为成立较早的农担公司，H农担却存在着展业经验丰富但代偿率高，风
险防控不力的现状。本文研究 H农担业务流程常见风险中较为突出和重要的信用风险，通
过笔者数月实习经历以及实地访谈和资料搜集，归纳出 H农担在信用风险防控中存在的
问题，并针对性的提出优化建议。
本文采用案例分析法、文献研究法和实地调研法，以 H农担业务流程为主线，阐述目
前公司在风险识别、风险评估和风险应对三个环节的风险防控现状，分析三个环节中存在
的问题，并通过实地调研，根据其可能造成的损失程度和发生概率，采用风险矩阵法，按
照可接受风险、可容忍风险、重要性风险和灾难性风险将其分类。根据全公司范围内的调
研结果来看，公司目前在风险识别、评估和应对三个环节都存在可能导致灾难性风险的因
素，因此对公司信用风险防控流程进行优化确有必要。最后，本文从制度保障、风险识别、
风险评估、风险应对四个方面对公司信用风险防控流程提出了优化建议，希望为全国农业
信贷担保体系的信用风险防控提供参考，也为其他同类防控信用风险提供有益借鉴。
关键词：
融资担保；信用风险；农业信贷；风险防控
I

Abstract
At present, the rural economy is transforming to large-scale and scientific and technological.
Under this background, the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers in China has
always faced problems such as shortage of funds and financing difficulties. This is mainly because
there are natural weaknesses in the agricultural industry, such as long production cycle, low crop
income, greatly affected by external factors such as climate and environment, and farmers
generally lack effective collateral. Financial institutions are usually "reluctant to lend" to financing
projects in the agricultural industry for profit seeking and risk prevention and control requirements.
In addition, the current agricultural financial system in China is not perfect, and the mismatch
between capital cost and benefit also leads to the low willingness of financial institutions to
establish branches in rural areas.
In order to give full play to the policy effect, the National Agricultural Credit Guarantee
System has been devoting to the increase of business scale, but the construction of risk prevention
and control system is not in place, so in recent years the hidden dangers of risk gradually appear.
The effectiveness of agricultural financing guarantee risk management not only affects the
survival and development of each provincial Agricultural Credit Guarantee Company, but also is
an important factor to measure its policy effect. H Agricultural Credit Financing Guarantee Co. ,
Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as“H agricultural guarantee”) was founded in 2009 and reorganized
in 2017 to become a policy financing guarantee company funded and managed by the provincial
finance department as an earlier agricultural guarantee company, however, there is a lack of risk
prevention and control in the H-FARM farm, which is experienced in the exhibition industry but
with high compensation rate. This paper studies the prominent and important credit risk among
the common risks in the business process of h-farm farm carders, through the author's
several months of internship experience and on-the-spot interviews and data collection, sums up
the problems existing in the prevention and control of credit risk of h-farm carders, and put
forward the optimization proposal pertinently.
This paper uses case analysis, Literature Study and field investigation to explain the current risk
prevention and control situation of the company in the three links of risk identification, risk
assessment and risk response, analysis of the problems in the three links, and through field
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