近年来，国家采取各种措施解决中小企业融资难、融资贵等问题，但 由于中小企业自身经营规模小、财务管理不健全、可供抵（质）押资产少 等原因，直接从银行获得资金仍存在一定的困难。为此，融资担保公司通 过灵活多样的反担保方式为中小企业担保在银行获得贷款，成为了支持中 小企业融资的重要力量。反担保作为担保公司风险控制体系中的核心环节， 起着最后兜底的作用。研究处理好担保公司反担保问题，既能大力支持中 小企业发展，又能有效提升担保公司风险控制能力。 本文研究融资担保公司的反担保问题，首先阐述反担保方式及其种类， 论述反担保在融资担保公司风险管理中的重要作用。然后，结合本人在HC 中小企业融资担保公司从业经历，对该公司反担保现状进行深入分析，查 找出公司存在担保价值评估不准确、审查审批环节不严、监管措施执行不 到位、反担保物处置手段相对较少、反担保同质化等问题，并进一步分析 导致以上问题的主要原因。最后，结合HC中小企业融资担保公司实际情况， 从健全反担保价值评估机制、完善自身反担保审查机制、严格用人标准、 完善信息系统建设、引入内外部资源处置不良资产、成立产品研发团队创 新产品等六个方面提出完善该公司反担保的对策建议。论文的研究成果对 HC中小企业融资担保公司解决反担保问题有实际的意义，也对其他融资担 保公司有一定帮助。 关键词：反担保中小企业融资担保 II RESEARCHONCOUNTERGUARANTEEOF HCSMALLANDMEDIUMENTERPRISES FINANCINGGUARANTEECO.,LTD ABSTRACT Inrecentyears,thestatehastakenvariousmeasurestosolvetheproblems ofdifficultandexpensivefinancingofsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises. However,duetothesmallscaleoftheirownoperation,theunsoundfinancial managementandthelackofmortgage(pledge)assetsavailable,itisstill difficulttoobtainfundsdirectlyfrombanks.Therefore,financingguarantee companiesguaranteeSMEstoobtainloansinbanksthroughflexiblecounter guaranteemethods,whichhasbecomeanimportantforcetosupportSMEs' financing.Asthecorelinkofriskcontrolsystemofguaranteecompany,counter guaranteeplaystheroleofthelastcover.Tostudyanddealwiththecounter guaranteeproblemsofguaranteecompaniescannotonlysupportthe developmentofsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises,butalsoeffectively improvetheriskcontrolabilityofguaranteecompanies. Thispaperstudiesthecounterguaranteeproblemoffinancingguarantee company.Firstly,itexpoundsthewaysandtypesofcounterguarantee,and discussestheimportantroleofcounterguaranteeintheriskmanagementof financingguaranteecompany.Then,combinedwithmyworkingexperiencein HCSMEfinancingguaranteecompany,thispapermakesanin-depthanalysisof thecompany'scounterguaranteestatus,findsoutthatthecompanyhassome III problems,suchasinaccurateguaranteevalueevaluation,laxexaminationand approvallink,inadequateimplementationofregulatorymeasures,lesscounter guaranteedisposalmeans,andhomogenizationofcounterguarantee,andfurther analyzesthemainreasonsfortheaboveproblems。Finally,combinedwiththe actualsituationofHCsmallandmedium-sizedenterprisefinancingguarantee company,thispaperputsforwardcountermeasuresandsuggestionstoimprove thecounterguaranteeofHCsmallandmedium-sizedenterprisefinancing guaranteecompanyfromsixaspects:perfectingcounterguaranteevalue evaluationmechanism,improvingitsowncounterguaranteereviewmechanism, strictlyemployingpersonnelstandards,improvinginformationsystem construction,introducinginternalandexternalresourcestodisposeof non-performingassets,andestablishingproductR&Dteamtocreatenew products.TheresearchresultsofthispaperhavepracticalsignificanceforHC SMEfinancingguaranteecompanytosolvethecounterguaranteeproblem,and alsohelpotherfinancingguaranteecompanies. KEYWORDS：Counterguarantee；Smallandmedium-sizedenterprises； Financingguaranteecompany IV 目录 摘要...........................................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT..............................................................................................................................II 第一章绪论...............................................................................................................................1 1.1研究的背景和意义.............................................................................................................1 1.1.1研究的背景.....................................................................................................................1 1.1.2研究的意义.....................................................................................................................2 1.2文献综述.............................................................................................................................2 1.3研究的主要内容和方法.....................................................................................................4 1.3.1研究的主要内容.............................................................................................................4 1.3.2研究的方法.....................................................................................................................4 1.4研究的技术路线及主要创新之处.....................................................................................5 1.4.1研究的技术路线.............................................................................................................5 1.4.2主要创新之处.................................................................................................................6 第二章反担保的概念及作用...................................................................................................8 2.1反担保的概念.....................................................................................................................8 2.2反担保法律.........................................................................................................................9 2.3反担保的方式及应用.........................................................................................................9 2.3.1抵押反担保.....................................................................................................................9 2.3.2质押反担保...................................................................................................................10 2.3.3保证反担保...................................................................................................................11 2.4反担保的作用...................................................................................................................11 第三章HC中小企业融资担保公司反担保现状分析.........................................................13 3.1HC中小企业融资担保公司基本情况............................................................................13 3.2HC中小企业融资担保公司实施的反担保措施及效果................................................16 3.2.1明确反担保种类，规范反担保准入流程...................................................................16 3.2.2采取分级审查模式，严格反担保物准入...................................................................18 V 3.2.3差异化实施反担保物监管...........................................................................................20 3.2.4成立不良资产处置部门处置反担保物.......................................................................22 3.2.5HC担保公司实施的反担保措施效果分析................................................................23 第四章HC中小企业融资担保公司反担保存在问题及成因分析.....................................27 4.1HC中小企业融资担保公司反担保存在问题................................................................27 4.1.1担保价值评估不准确，反担保保障程度低...............................................................27 4.1.2审查审批环节不严，反担保存在风险隐患...............................................................28 4.1.3监管措施执行不到位，造成反担保悬空...................................................................29 4.1.4反担保物处置手段少，影响公司资金流动性...........................................................30 4.1.5反担保种类同质化，降低市场竞争力.......................................................................32 4.2HC中小企业融资担保公司反担保问题的成因分析....................................................32 4.2.1反担保评估机构单一.......................