I 摘要 近年来，随着中国经济步入“新常态”阶段，经济增长速度有所减缓，“调结构”、 “促转型”成为重新激发经济活力的重要手段。在这一过程中，城市新区建设因其包 袱轻、前景好，成为优化产业结构特征和布局的首善之选，并成为拉动地区经济发展 的一个重要增长极。西咸新区作为首个以创新城市发展方式为主题的国家级新区和大 西安建设的核心区域，肩负着自贸区改革试验区、双创示范基地、海绵城市试点、科 技资源统筹等众多改革任务。自 2010 年西咸新区建设正式启动以来，区内市场主体数 量持续增多、投资项目稳步增加，产出增长态势良好。然而，在新区内急剧扩张的投 融资需求背景下，中小企业“融资难”的问题却始终存在，并逐渐成为制约西咸新区 发展的主要矛盾之一。根据经济客观规律和国内外经验，金融服务和社会信用体系不 健全是中小企业“融资难”的根本原因，C 融资担保公司必须构建多层次的中小企业融 资担保体系，并做好风险防控工作，才能有效解决相关问题。 本文旨在研究如何有效地控制和管理 C 融资担保公司风险问题。本文运用文献分 析法、定性和定量的数据与信息相结合分析法、现场调查和访谈，针对 C 融资担保公 司风险管理的理念、制度、流程等进行了深入的调研分析，评估融资担保风险类别， 以及融资担保公司风险控制存在的主要问题，借鉴国外担保行业风险防控与管理的先 进经验，得出对我国融资担保体系建设的有效启发。本文重在对 C 融资担保公司风险 控制改善措施的研究。从国内外融资担保公司风险控制经验得出的启示，提出融资担 保风险控制的改善措施，包括积极拓展资金渠道，加强流动性管理、建立融资担保风 险分担机制、加大多元化业务布局、完善内部监督体系、建立公司业务信息管理系统、 建立业务风险管控架构、完善公司风险制度建设、建立“五位一体”风险管理体系、 提高担保专业人才队伍素质等。本文总共分六个部分，首先阐述了研究的背景、意义 及国内外研究现状作以介绍，其次主要介绍融资担保的相关理论，对 c 融资担保公司 基本概况、风险控制现状和所处担保行业国内、陕西的发展状况进行简要概述；再次 对 C 融资担保公司进行风险评估及存在问题进行分析，最后对融资担保公司目前面临 的风险提出相应的解决对策，并为此次论文的研究总结。 通过本文的研究以期能对我国担保公司的风险管理工作提供有益的借鉴，对 C 融 资担保公司提高风险管理质量，促进其可持续发展，为中小微企业提供更好的服务。 关键词，风险控制；融资担保西北农林科技大学硕士学位论文 II ABSTRACT In recent years, Chinese economy has entered the stage of new normal, the growth rate of the economy has slowed down. restructuring and promoting economic transformation have become important means to reinvigorate the economy. In this process, the construction of new urban areas, due to its light burden and good prospects, has become the best choice to optimize the characteristics and layout of the industrial structure and become an important growth pole to drive the regional economic development. Xi xian new area, as the first state-level new area with the theme of innovative urban development mode and the core area of the construction of greater xi 'an, shoulders many reform tasks such as pilot zone reform of free trade zone, demonstration base for mass entrepreneurship and innovation, sponge city pilot project, and coordination of scientific and technological resources. Since the official launch of the construction of xi xian new area in 2010, the number of market subjects in the area has been increasing, investment projects have been increasing steadily, and the output has been growing well. However, against the background of the investment and financing demand of the rapid expansion in the new area, the problem of financing difficulty of small and medium-sized enterprises always exists, and has gradually become one of the main contradictions restricting the development of xi xian new area. According to the objective economic laws and domestic and foreign experience, the imperfect financial services and social credit system are the root cause of the financing difficulties of smes. C financing guarantee company must build a multi-level financing guarantee system for smes and do a good job in risk prevention and control to effectively solve related problems. This paper aims to study how to effectively control and manage the risks of C financing guarantee company. In this paper, using literature analysis, qualitative and quantitative data and information analysis, the combination of field investigation and interviews, the concept of risk management for C financing guarantee company, system, process, etc. Carried on the thorough investigation and study analysis, evaluation of financing guarantee risk category, and the main problems of financing guarantee company risk control, risk prevention and control and draw lessons from foreign guarantee industry management advanced experience, it is concluded that financing guarantee system construction of our country's effective inspiration. This paper focuses on the study of risk control improvement measures of C financing guarantee company. From the domestic and foreign financing guarantee companyABSTRACT III risk control experience of enlightenment, the improvement of the financing guarantee risk control measures are put forward, including actively expand financing channels, and strengthen liquidity management, set up financing guarantee risk sharing mechanism, more diversified business layout, perfect the internal supervision system, to set up the company's business information management system, establish business risk control architecture, perfecting the company risk system construction, establishing the five one the risk management system, improve the quality of the guarantee professional talent team, etc. This paper is divided into six parts. Firstly, it describes the background, significance and research status at home and abroad. Secondly, it mainly introduces relevant theories of financing guarantee, and gives a brief overview of c financing guarantee company's basic situation, risk control status and development status of the guarantee industry in China and shaanxi. The risk assessment and existing problems of C financing guarantee company are analyzed again. At last, corresponding countermeasures are proposed for the risks currently faced by C financing guarantee company, and the research summary of this paper is provided. The study of this paper is expected to provide useful reference for risk management of guarantee companies in China, improve risk management quality of C financing guarantee company, promote its sustainable development, and provide better services for small, medium and micro enterprises. KEY WORDS: Risk control；Financing guarantee目 录 I 目 录 摘要...........................................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................II 第一章 绪论..........................................................................................................................1 1.1 选题背景........................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 研究目的和研究意义.................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 研究目的 .................................................................................................................. 2 1.2.2 研究意义 .................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 国内外研究动态............................................................................................................ 3 1.3.1 国外研究现状 ......................................................................................................... 3 1.3.2 国内研究现状 ......................................................................................................... 3 1.3.3 国内外研究述评 ...................................................................................................... 4 1.4 研究思路和研究内容.................................................................................................... 4 1.4.1 研究思路 ................................................................................................................. 4 1.4.2 研究内容 ................................................................................................................. 5 1.5 研究方法 ........................................................................................................................ 5 第二章 融资担保风险控制的相关理论..............................................................................7 2.1 融资担保的概念 ............................................................................................................ 7 2.1.1 融资担保 .................................................................................................................. 7 2.1.2 融资担保风险 .......................................................................................................... 8 2.2 风险管理相关理论........................................................................................................ 8 2.3 融资担保风险控制 ........................................................................................................ 9 第三章 C 融资担保公司风险控制现状及其行业现状.................................................... 11 3.1 C 融资担保公司基本概况 ........................................................................................... 11 3.1.1 C 融资担保公司的成立 ........................................................................................ 11 3.1.2 C 融资担保公司经营理念和目标 ........................................................................ 12 3.1.3 C 融资担保公司业务流程 .................................................................................... 13 3.2 C 融资担保公司风险控制现状 ................................................................................... 14 3.2.1 事前复核与审查 .................................................................................................... 14 3.2.2 事中监控 ............................................................................................................... 15 3.2.3 保后管理及预警 ................................................................................................... 16西北农林科技大学硕士学位论文 II 3.3 融资担保公司的行业现状 .......................................................................................... 17 3.3.1 国内融资担保业发展状况 ................................................................................... 17 3.3.2 陕西融资担保业发展状况 ................................................................................... 21 第四章 C 融资担保公司风险评估与分析........................................................................22 4.1 C 融资担保公司的风险评估方法 ............................................................................... 22 4.1.1 风险评估内容 ........................................................................................................ 22 4.1.2 风险评估方法 ........................................................................................................ 24 4.2 C 融资担保公司风险评估分析 ................................................................................... 26 4.2.1 对存量担保业务风险评估分析 ........................................................................... 26 4.2.2 对单笔担保业务风险评估分析 ........................................................................... 28 4.3 C 融资担保公司风险控制存在的问题 ....................................................................... 31 4.3.1 业务流程不规范 .................................................................................................... 31 4.3.2 资金渠道单一 ........................................................................................................ 32 4.3.3 业务模式单一 ........................................................................................................ 32 4.3.4 流动性管理不到位 ................................................................................................ 33 4.3.5 风险分担机制不明确 ........................................................................................... 33 4.3.6 人员风控意识薄弱 ............................................................................................... 34 第五章 C 融资担保公司风险控制对策............................................................................35 5.1 积极拓展资金渠道，加强流动性管理 ...................................................................... 35 5.2 建立融资担保风险分担机制...................................................................................... 35 5.3 加大多元化业务布局 .................................................................................................. 36 5.4 完善内部监督体系...................................................................................................... 37 5.5 建立公司业务信息管理系统 ...................................................................................... 38 5.6 建立业务风险管控架构，有效控制公司风险 .......................................................... 38 5.7 完善公司风险制度建设，建立“五位一体”风险管理体系 ...................................... 39 5.8 提高担保专业人才队伍素质...................................................................................... 40