改革开放以来我国经济快速发展，电力工业建设竿头直上。但是，电网企业 计划性发展所形成的垂直一体化垄断式经营模式已无法适应当前经济发展的需 要，为使市场在资源配置中发挥绝对性作用，我国进行了多次电力改革。当前， 售电侧市场化改革显效呈著，在经济发达区域已形成售电业务群雄逐鹿的态势。 对于电网企业，其地位已由传统售电主体转变为市场化竞争的参与者，如何更好 地融入改革，提升核心竞争力，已经成为了新一轮电改后企业发展的重大课题， 对售电侧开放下电力市场化交易模式改革进行研究显得尤为必要。 首先，以我国当前电力交易模式为研究对象，分析了统购统销单边模式和多 买多卖双边模式两种交易模式分别对电力价格定价、市场交易效率以及供需关系 反映能力的影响；为借鉴国外成熟电力市场的改革经验，通过文献对美国、欧洲 等电力交易市场进行研究，分析了集中式与分散式两种不同电力交易模式的特点。 对新一轮电力改革背景和我国售电侧放开发展历程进行梳理，分析了售电侧放开 后地方性电网企业、前向一体化的发电企业、工业园区售电公司以及未知独立售 电公司将会对电网企业产生的影响。 其次，对比分析了广东、浙江两地电力市场试点情况，对两地电力市场试点 情况进行了经验总结。并结合国外成功经验，完善了售电侧放开下电力市场化交 易模式的总体设想，采用电力市场初级发展阶段、中级发展阶段、成熟发展阶段 分步实施的措施构建我国电力市场化交易模式，构建了售电侧放开下电力市场化 交易基本框架模式，提出了售电侧放开下电力市场化交易模式完善建议。 最后，分析了新一轮电改后的电力市场化交易风险，并提出了建立大数据电 力交易平台、信息管理体系、黑名单制度三项风险应对措施。并从电网企业的角 度出发，分析了电网企业售电侧放开前后运营及盈利的变化，对其售电侧放开后 的企业定位和应对措施提出了建议。 关键词：售电侧放开，电力交易模式，电力期货，交易监管，电网对策 湖北工业大学工程硕士学位论文 II Abstract Sincethereformandopeningup,therapiddevelopmentofeconomyinChinahas greatlypromotedthedevelopmentofthepowerindustry,whichmakesthepower industryaprosperousphenomenon.However,theintegrationmonopolymodeformed bytheplanneddevelopmentofthepowergridenterprisescannolongermeettheneeds ofcurrenteconomicdevelopment.Inordertomakethemarketplaythedecisiverolein theallocationofresources,severalpowerreformshavetakenplaceinChina.Atpresent, remarkableprogresshasbeenmadeintheelectricitymarketreformofretailsidehas beeneffective.IntheeconomicallydevelopedregionsofChina,thecompetitionamong electricityretalingcompaniesisintense.Afterthelatestelectricpowerreform,the dominantpositionofpowergridenterprisesinelectricityretailingbusinesshasbeen transformedintoaparticipantinmarketcompetition.Howtobetterintegratereformand enhancecompetitivenesshasbecomeanimportanttopicforthedevelopmentofthe powergridenterprises.Therefore,itisparticularlynecessarytostudythereformof electricitymarketizationtransactionmodeundertheopeningofelectricityretailsside. Firstly,basedonthecurrentpowertradingmodelinChina,theinfluenceonpower pricing,markettransactionefficiencyandthereflectionabilityofsupplyanddemandof theunilateralmodeofunifiedpurchaseandthebilateralmodeofmultiplepurchaseand multiplesalehasbeenanalyzedinthispaper.Inordertodrawontheexperienceof foreignmaturepowermarke,3typicalforeignpowertradingmarketsoftheUnited States,theUnitedKingdomandnorthernEuropeareselectedastheobjectstoanalyze thecharacteristicsofcentralizedanddecentralizedpowertradingmodes.The backgroundofthelatestelectricpowerreformandthedevelopmentprocessofChinese electricityretailsidemarketizationisreviewed,forthepurposetoanalyzetheinfluence oflocalpowergridenterprises,forwardintegratedpowergenerationenterprises,power retalingenterprisesestablishedbylargeindustrialparkandunknownindependentpower retalingenterprisesonpowergridenterprisesafterthemarketizationofelectricityretails side. Secondly,comparativelyanalyzethepilotsituationoftheelectricitymarketsin GuangdongandZhejiang,andsummarizetheexperienceofthepilotsituationofthe electricitymarketsinthetwoplacesbinedwiththesuccessfulexperienceabroad, theoverallassumptionoftheelectricitymarkettransactionmodelunderthe liberalizationoftheelectricitysalessidehasbeenperfected,andthecountry’s electricitymarkettransactionmodelhasbeenconstructedstepbystepintheinitial developmentstage,intermediatedevelopmentstage,andmaturedevelopmentstageof theelectricitymarket.Constructedabasicframeworkmodelforelectricitymarket transactionsundertheelectricitysalesside,andputforwardsuggestionsforperfecting electricitymarkettransactionsundertheelectricitysalesside. Finally,therisksofpowermarkettradingafterthelatestelectricitymarketreform 湖北工业大学工程硕士学位论文 III isanalyzed.Toreducerisks,3riskcountermeasuresareproposed,whichare establishingbigdatapowertradingplatform,informationmanagementsystemand blacklistsystem. Keywords:electricityretailsidemarketization,electricitytradingmode,electricpower futures,transactionsupervision,gridcountermeasures 湖北工业大学工程硕士学位论文 IV 目录 摘要.................................................................................................................................................I Abstract................................................................................................................................................II 目录...............................................................................................................................................IV 第1章绪论.........................................................................................................................................6 1.1研究背景...................................................................................................................................6 1.2研究目的与意义.......................................................................................................................6 1.2.1研究目的......................................................................................................................6 1.2.2研究意义......................................................................................................................7 1.3国内外研究现状.......................................................................................................................7 1.4研究方法与思路.....................................................................................................................11 第2章相关概念和理论基础............................................................................................................13 2.1电力市场概述.........................................................................................................................13 2.2电力市场化交易模式改革价值............................................................................................14 2.3相关理论.................................................................................................................................15 2.3.1交易成本理论............................................................................................................15 2.3.2套期保值理论............................................................................................................16 2.3.3博弈论........................................................................................................................17 第3章售电侧放开对电力市场的影响分析....................................................................................19 3.1售电侧放开的发展过程及对市场主体的影响分析............................................................19 3.1.1售电侧放开的发展过程............................................................................................19 3.1.2售电侧放开对市场主体的影响分析........................................................................20 3.2售电侧放开对电力市场交易模式的影响分析....................................................................20 3.3售电侧放开前电力市场交易模式存在问题及原因分析....................................................24 3.3.1当前电力市场存在的问题........................................................................................24 3.3.2电力市场问题主要原因分析....................................................................................25 第4章国外典型电力市场