银行在给小微企业发放信贷之前都会对小微企业进行评估，研究其社会特征，分析借贷 理由和目的是否合规合理，再根据内在规律，最后才会给小微企业发放信贷。银行一方面要 为小微企业提供信贷资金支持，打下坚实的基础，但同时也要降低借贷风险；另一方面银行 也要通过小微企业的发展达到获取利润的目的。本篇论文的研究内容是为小微企业的信贷风 险管理提供一些优化建议，以A银行为研究对象，分析其小微企业信贷风险的现状和存在的 问题，最后给出完善信贷业务风险管理优化的政策建议。本篇论文分为五大部分，第一部分 是绪论，概述了此篇论文的研究背景和意义，以及国内外对小微企业信贷的研究现状；第二 部分是关于小微企业的信贷风险管理理论；第三部分是分析概述了A银行对小微企业信贷的 现状和风险；第四部分是依据前两部分研究结果同时结合A银行发展实际情况，来分析A银 行小微企业信贷业务风险管理所存在的问题以及问题产生的原因；第五部分是分析总结了A 银行小微信贷业务中的不良贷款案例，并得出相关风险管理优化的启示。第六部分是对全文 的总结与展望。根据A银行的现状情况，提出了完善风险的一些建议措施，这些措施主要体 现在六个方面：加强发放贷款前的审查力度、完善放贷审核制度、提高放贷后的管理力度、 建立全面的信用评级制度、加强信贷人员管理以及强化风险管理的优化建议。 关键词：小微企业；信贷业务；风险管理；商业银行 Ⅱ Abstract Beforegrantingcredittosmallandmicroenterprises,bankswillevaluatesmallandmicro enterprises,studytheirsocialcharacteristics,analyzewhetherthereasonsandpurposesoflending arereasonableandcompliant,andthen,accordingtotheinternallaws,theywillfinallygrantcredit tosmallandmicroenterprises.Ontheonehand,thebankshoulddevelopthecapitalbaseforsmall andmicroenterprises,reducetheriskoflending,ontheotherhand,thebankalsoachievesthe purposeofprofitthroughthedevelopmentofsmallandmicroenterprises.Theresearchcontentof thispaperistoprovidesomesuggestionsforthecreditriskofsmallandmicroenterprises.Taking bankaastheresearchobject,thispaperanalyzesthecurrentsituationandexistingproblemsofthe creditriskofsmallandmicroenterprises,andfinallygivesthepolicysuggestionstoimprovethe creditbusinessrisk.Thispaperisdividedintofiveparts,thefirstpartistheintroduction,which summarizestheresearchbackgroundandsignificanceofthispaper,aswellastheresearchstatusof smallandmicroenterprisecreditathomeandabroad;thesecondpartisthecreditrisktheory;the thirdpartistoanalyzeandsummarizethestatusandriskofBankA'ssmallandmicroenterprise credit;thefourthpartistoanalyzebanka'ssmallandmicroenterprisecreditbasedontheresultsof thefirsttwopartsThefifthpartistoanalyzeandsummarizethenon-performingloancasesinthe smallandmicrocreditbusinessofbanka,andgetsomeenlightenmentofriskmanagement optimization.Finally,accordingtothecurrentsituationofbanka,thispaperputsforwardsome suggestionsandmeasurestoimprovetherisk,whicharemainlyreflectedinsixaspects: strengtheningthepreloanreview,improvingtheloanreviewsystem,improvingthepostloan management,establishingacomprehensivecreditratingsystem,strengtheningthemanagementof creditpersonnelandriskmanagement. Key-words:smallandmicroenterprises;creditbusiness;riskmanagement;commercialbanks 1I 目录 第1章绪论......................................................................................................................................1 1.1研究背景................................................................................................................................1 1.2研究意义................................................................................................................................2 1.3国内外研究现状....................................................................................................................2 1.3.1国外研究现状.............................................................................................................2 1.3.2国内研究现状.............................................................................................................3 1.4本文的研究思路和主要研究内容........................................................................................4 第2章相关理论概述......................................................................................................................5 2.1小微企业界定与特点............................................................................................................5 2.2信贷风险管理概念................................................................................................................5 2.3小微企业信贷风险特点及来源............................................................................................6 2.3.1小微企业信贷风险特点.............................................................................................6 2.3.2小微企业信贷风险来源.............................................................................................6 2.4小微企业信贷风险相关理论................................................................................................7 2.4.1信息不对称理论.........................................................................................................7 2.4.2信贷配给理论.............................................................................................................8 2.4.3信贷风险管理理论.....................................................................................................8 第3章A银行小微企业信贷业务概况及风险管理现状.............................................................10 3.1A银行简介...........................................................................................................................10 3.2A银行小微企业信贷业务概况...........................................................................................10 3.2.1小微信贷产品介绍...................................................................................................10 3.2.2A银行小微企业信贷现状.........................................................................................13 3.3A银行的小微企业信贷风险管理现状...............................................................................14 3.3.1小微企业信贷风险管理的机制...............................................................................14 3.3.2小微企业信贷风险管理流程...................................................................................15 II 第4章A银行小微企业信贷业务风险管理存在的问题及原因.................................................19 4.1A银行小微企业信贷业务风险管理实例...........................................................................19 4.1.1项目背景...................................................................................................................19 4.1.2项目发展过程...........................................................................................................19 4.1.3案例总结...................................................................................................................20 4.2A银行小微企业信贷业务风险管理存在的问题...............................................................20 4.2.1信用评级体系建设不完善.......................................................................................20 4.2.2贷前调查不审慎.......................................................................................................22 4.2.3贷中审查和监管不到位...........................................................................................23 4.2.4贷后管理不到位.......................................................................................................25 4.3A银行小微企业信贷业务风险产生的原因.......................................................................26 4.3.1银行与小微企业之间信息不对称...........................................................................26 4.3.2风险意识及风险管理文化缺失...............................................................................27 4.3.3小微企业信贷业务快速发展的负面效应...............................................................28 4.3.4信贷人才队伍建设与激励约束机制不完善...........................................................29 第5章A银行小微企业信贷业务风险管理优化措施.................................................................31 5.1完善小微