近年来，随着我国农村地区对金融业务的需求越发旺盛，村镇银行这一具有特殊 定位的银行业金融机构应运而生，村镇银行的出现为县域及农村地区经济发展注入全 新活力。村镇银行的平稳有序发展是我国振兴乡村经济的重要保障，具有极高的政治 意义与经济意义。结合目前发展现状看，我国村镇银行的发展已经逐步走向正规，相 关金融架构逐步趋于完善，但仍应清楚的认识到我们与国外成熟金融市场的类似村镇 银行的金融机构相比，在经营理念、风险把控以及规模效益等方面依然存在一定差距。 尤其是面对经济基础与信用体系相对薄弱的农村地区，村镇银行面临的压力与挑战十 分巨大，通过对近几年金融机构风险事件进行统计，可以看出绝大部分风险事件发生 在县域及农村地区的村镇银行中，这在一定程度上暴露出我国村镇银行在风险控制方 面存在一定的短板。 本文通过结合国内外学者在村镇银行市场定位、风险构成、风险防范以及发展方 向等几方面研究的成果，以金融体系内在不稳定性假说、信息不对称理论以及委托代 理理论为基础，对我国发展近二十年的村镇银行进行全面概述，聚焦所面临的信用风 险、操作风险、竞争风险以及流动性风险，探讨现阶段村镇银行主要风险防范机制。 同时，以HS村镇银行为具体研究对象，结合所处的经济环境与金融环境，对该行发 生的金融风险事件展开深入细致分析，以期从信用风险、操作风险、竞争风险以及流 动性风险的角度，探寻现阶段的风险防范现状以及所暴露出的短板，并结合实际分析 深层次原因。同时对与我国村镇银行类似的美国社区银行、孟加拉国乡村银行进行研 究，由于这两种金融机构成立时间较早、发展历程较长,在经营管理、风险防控等相 关体系的建设已十分完善，能够有效地为地方经济金融的健康稳定发展提供强大保 障，因此其在风险防范方面有许多经验值得我国村镇银行借鉴。 本文最后，结合我国经济发展特点，在以HS村镇银行为典型案例进行研究的基 础上，总结风险防范所面临的短板，借鉴国外类似金融机构先进经验，探索出针对我 国村镇银行在风险防范方面的具有普适性的意见建议，进一步帮助完善我国村镇银行 风险管理体系，以期为我国农村地区的经济金融健康发展提供良好的金融保障。 关键字：村镇银行，风险防范，农村经济 村镇银行风险分析及防范研究——以HS村镇银行为例 II ABSTRACT Inrecentyears,withthegrowingdemandforfinancialservicesinruralareasofChina, ruralbankshaveemergedasaspecialfinancialinstitution,andtheemergenceofrural bankshasinjectednewvitalityintotheeconomicdevelopmentofcountiesandruralareas. ItssteadyandorderlydevelopmentisanimportantguaranteeforChinatorevitalizethe ruraleconomyandhasaveryhighpoliticalsignificancebinedwiththecurrent developmentstatus,thedevelopmentofruralbankshasgraduallybecomeformal,andthe relevantfinancialstructurehasgraduallyimproved.However,comparedwiththerural banksinmaturefinancialmarkets,thereisstillacertaingap,especiallyintheaspectofrisk control.Theshortcomingsneedtoberesolved.Forexample,themanagementleveland managementmethodsarerelativelybackward,andthenon-performingassetratiois relativelyhighcomparedtoothertypesoffinancialinstitutions.Fromanotherperspective, ruralareashavearelativelysimpleeconomicstructurecomparedwithcities.Therefore, whenfacedwithriskssuchascreditrisk,policyenvironmentchangerisk,andcapital liquidityrisk,theirabilitytoresistrisksisrelativelyfragile.Duetothelonghistoryofthe developmentofthefinancialsysteminwesterndevelopedcountries,theconstructionof relatedsystemssuchasoperationmanagementandriskpreventionandcontrolhasbeen perfected,whichcanprovideastrongguaranteeforthehealthyandstabledevelopmentof thevillageandtowneconomy.Thispaperhascarriedoutalotofresearchonirelated literaturesathomeandabroad,andcomprehensivelyandsystematicallystudiedrelatedrisk casesarisingfromruralbanksincountrieswithdifferentdevelopmentlevelsintheUnited States,Bangladesh,Indonesia,etc.,fullycombiningthecharacteristicsofChina'seconomic developmentwiththeactualsituationofthedevelopmentofruralbanks.Throughthe researchontheriskeventsofHSvillagebanks,eHSlorethecountermeasuresagainstthe risksofvillagebanks,andformariskmanagementsystemforvillagebanks,inorderto providemanagementideasforthehealthydevelopmentofcurrentvillagebanks. Intheprocessofresearchanddevelopment,thispaperhassortedoutthecurrentrisk preventionandcontrolsystemofdomesticandforeignvillagebanks,andeHSlainedthe relatedtheoriesandconcepts.Onthisbasis,theresearchfocusandspecificmethodsof thinkingareclarified.Firstly,throughfieldinvestigationsandinterviews,wewilllearn 河北地质大学硕士学位论文 moreaboutthecurrentoperationstatusofHSvillagebanks,andconductanin-depth analysisoftherecentriskeventsandthecauses.Secondly,throughinvestigationand research,eHSlorethecurrentsituationofriskmanagementandanalyzeriskpreventionof HSvillagebanks.ThemainproblemseHSosedintheprocess;Finally,basedonthe previousanalysisresults,proposeacorrespondingriskpreventionsolutionstrategy,and providereferencepolicyrecommendationsforthecurrentvillagebankriskmanagementin China. KeyWORDS:VillagebankRiskpreventionRuraleconomy 村镇银行风险分析及防范研究——以HS村镇银行为例 IV 目录 摘要..........................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................II 第一章绪论...............................................................................................................1 1.1选题背景及意义..............................................................................................1 1.1.1选题背景...............................................................................................1 1.1.2选题意义...............................................................................................1 1.2国内外研究综述..............................................................................................2 1.2.1国外研究综述.......................................................................................2 1.2.2国内研究综述.......................................................................................3 1.3研究思路、创新及不足..................................................................................6 1.3.1研究思路...............................................................................................6 1.3.2本文创新点及不足...............................................................................6 1.4论文结构........................................................................................................7 第二章概念界定与理论依据.......................................................................................8 2.1概念界定..........................................................................................................8 2.1.1村镇银行性质界定...............................................................................8 2.1.2村镇银行基本特征...............................................................................8 2.2村镇银行风险防范理论基础..........................................................................9 2.2.1金融体系内在不稳定性假说...............................................................9 2.2.2信息不对称理论.................................................................................10 2.2.3委托代理理论.....................................................................................11 2.3村镇银行风险概述........................................................................................11 2.3.1行业发展现状.....................................................................................11 2.3.2主要风险类型.....................................................................................12 2.3.3风险防范机制.....................................................................................13 第三章HS村镇银行发展及风险防范现状...............................................................14 3.1发展现状........................................................................................................14 3.1.1基本情况.............................................................................................14 3.1.2经营情况.............................................................................................15 3.1.3经济金融环境.....................................................................................16 河北地质大学硕士学位论文 3.2风险防范现