小微企业虽然规模有限，但是从整体的角度来看，对宏观经济的稳定和发展 有很大的作用。在启动资金不足、准备条件不充分等情况下，选择成立小微企业 是必行之措。当前我国的小微企业数量众多，且发展前景可期，尤其是这类型企 业的融资方式呈多元化趋势后，期限灵活并且手续简便的民间借贷、内部集资等 方式均可用于企业筹资过程。所以，小微企业的发展资金来源越来越多样化，不 过，银行贷款仍然是最常见的形式。只是，银行的审核门槛之高让部分小微企业 只得望而却步，转向利息更高的其他借贷形式。同时，从银行的角度来看，小微 企业的实力虽然和大型企业相比有差距，但是其数量众多，可以发展为长远客户。 大型商业银行要踏出这一步改变有困难，但部分中小型商业银行已经看准了小微 企业借贷市场，并且逐渐将信贷业务向小微企业信贷倾斜。经过数年来的发展， 这些先行一步的中小银行已经在小微企业信贷业务方面积累了许多优秀经验。其 中，定位支农支小、独立法人银行的村镇银行作为中小银行中的典型代表，在小 微企业信贷业务方面有许多先进经验。 本文以Z村镇银行为例，探究了村镇银行小微信贷业务存在的问题及对策。 全文在开头部分介绍了我国银行业中的小微信贷概况，在此基础上分析了该业务 发展过程中存在的阻碍，及村镇银行发展小微信贷业务的优势和劣势。然后对Z 村镇银行进行具体分析，提出其因在公司管理、业务拓展能力、风险管理水平、 金融科技水平、外部环境方面的缺陷影响小微信贷业务发展，并结合国内两家金 融机构的优秀做法，提出Z村镇银行通过改革内部管理体制、树立正确竞争方向、 抓实小微企业信贷风险管控、坚持科技支撑战略、寻求政策支持等措施实现小微 信贷业务小微信贷业务快速发展。 关键词：村镇银行；小微企业信贷；发展研究；政策支持 II Abstract Althoughthescaleofsmallandmicroenterprisesislimited,fromaholisticpoint ofview,ithasagreateffectonthestabilityanddevelopmentofthemacroeconomy. Inthecaseofinsufficientstart-upcapitalandinsufficientpreparationconditions,itis necessarytochoosetoestablishasmallandmicroenterprise.Atpresent,therearea largenumberofsmallandmicroenterprisesinmycountry,andthedevelopment prospectsarepromising.Especiallyafterthefinancingmethodsofthistypeof enterprisearediversified,privatelendingandinternalfundraisingwithflexibleterms andsimpleprocedurescanbeusedinthecorporatefinancingprocess.Therefore,the sourcesofdevelopmentfundsforsmallandmicroenterprisesarebecomingmore diverse,butbankloansarestillthemostcommonform.However,thehighaudit thresholdofbankshasmadesomesmallandmicroenterprisesprohibitiveandturned tootherformsofborrowingwithhigherinterestrates.Atthesametime,fromthe pointofviewofthebank,althoughthestrengthofsmallandmicroenterprisesisnot aslargeasthatoflargeenterprises,itslargenumbercanbedevelopedintolong-term customers.Itisdifficultforlargecommercialbankstotakethissteptochange,but somesmallandmedium-sizedcommercialbankshavealreadytargetedthesmalland microenterprises'lendingmarket,andaregraduallytiltingtheircreditbusiness towardsmallandmicroenterprises.Afterseveralyearsofdevelopment,these advancedsmallandmedium-sizedbankshaveaccumulatedmanyoutstanding experiencesinthecreditbusinessofsmallandmicroenterprises.Amongthem, villageandtownshipbanks,whicharesmallandindependentbanksthatsupport agricultureandagriculture,astypicalrepresentativesofsmallandmedium-sized banks,havemanyadvancedexperiencesinthecreditbusinessofsmallandmicro enterprises. ThisarticletakesthevillagebankofZasanexampletoexploretheproblemsand countermeasuresofthesmallandmicrocreditbusinessofthevillagebank.Inthe beginning,thefulltextintroducestheoverviewofsmallandmicrocreditinmy country'sbankingindustry,andonthisbasis,itanalyzestheobstaclesinthe developmentofthisbusinessandtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthe developmentofsmallandmicrocreditbusinessinruralbanks.Thenitconductsa detailedanalysisoftheZVillageBank,andproposesthatitsdefectsincompany management,businessdevelopmentcapabilities,riskmanagementlevel,fintechlevel, III andexternalenvironmentaffectthedevelopmentofsmallandmicrocreditbusiness, andcombinestheexcellentpracticesoftwodomesticfinancialinstitutions.Itis proposedthatZVillageandTownBankrealizetherapiddevelopmentofsmalland microcreditbusinessthroughmeasuressuchasreformingtheinternalmanagement system,establishingtherightdirectionofcompetition,focusingoncreditriskcontrol ofsmallandmicroenterprises,adheringtotechnologysupportstrategies,andseeking policysupport. Keyword：Ruralbank;Smallandmicroenterprisecredit;Developmentsand Research；Policysupport IV 目录 第一章绪论................................................................................................1 第一节选题背景和意义.................................................................................1 第二节国内外相关文献综述.........................................................................2 一国外研究现状.......................................................................................................2 二国内研究现状.......................................................................................................3 第三节相关理论.............................................................................................5 一村镇银行公司治理...............................................................................................5 二差异化竞争战略理论...........................................................................................5 三金融中介理论.......................................................................................................5 四金融科技理论.......................................................................................................5 第二章我国银行业小微信贷业务发展现状...........................................7 第一节我国银行业小微信贷业务总体情况.................................................7 第二节我国银行业小微信贷业务发展存在的阻碍.....................................8 一小微企业自身的原因...........................................................................................8 二银行方面的原因...................................................................................................9 三外部环境原因.....................................................................................................10 第三节村镇银行发展小微企业信贷优势和劣势.......................................12 一村镇银行的特点.................................................................................................12 二村镇银行小微企业信贷发展优势....................................................................12 三村镇银行小微企业信贷发展劣势....................................................................13 第三章Z村镇银行小微信贷业务发展现状分析.................................16 第一节Z村镇银行基本情况........................................................................16 第二节Z村镇银行发展小微信贷业务的必要性........................................16 一发展小微信贷业务是优化自身发展结构的诉求............................................16 二发展小微信贷业务是履行自身社会责任的需要............................................17 三发展小微信贷业务是坚守自身定位的要求....................................................17 V 第三节Z村镇银行小微信贷业务做法........................................................17 一金融服务体系建设情况.....................................................................................17 二“敢贷、愿贷、能贷”长效机制建设情况....................................................18 三小微企业授信服务开展情况............................................................................19 四信贷效率提升情况.............................................................................................20 五融资成本控制情况.............................................................................................20 六帮助小微企业融资纾困情况............................................................................21 第四节Z村镇银行发展小微信贷业务存在问题........................................21 一公司管理存在缺陷.............................................................................................21 二业务拓展能力仍显不足.....................................................................................22 三风险管理水平有待加强.............................................................