农村经济是我国国民经济的重要支撑，乡村振兴在国家走向现代化的过程中 扮演的角色越来越重要，农村金融活动受重视程度也越来越高。加快乡村振兴发 展，需要政府政策引导、农业技术支持，更需要金融保障。我国广大农村金融市 场，既出现了蓬勃生机并迅速发展，又暴露出了系列问题。比如金融服务机构基 础设施落后、服务对象复杂，个人贷款管理难度较大，风险防范意识较弱，信贷 风险管理水平较低，这些问题已成为制约涉农银行发展的瓶颈。这就需要涉农金 融机构立足乡村振兴发展大局，深入实践探索，推动金融改革和创新。榆树市是 全国产粮第一大县，中国农业银行作为涉农金融机构桥头堡，两者对于研究乡村 振兴发展中的金融活动具有得天独厚的优势。因此，本文从榆树市农户小额贷款 实践出发，并结合乡村振兴发展战略，来考察农户小额贷款存在的问题以及风险 管理，以期为农村金融环境改善提供相关建议。 本文梳理小额贷款的基础定义、类型和发展趋势、风险表现及管理机理和机 制等，精准把握农户小额贷款及风险防范的理论；深入介绍农行榆树市支行农户 小额贷款发展现状、农户小额贷款风险管理的现状、做法，准确把握农行榆树市 支行农户小额贷款风险管理实践；深刻剖析农行榆树市支行农户小额贷款风险管 理体系中存在的不足和问题及主要表现，对原因进行全面分析。研究发现：榆树 市农户小额贷款需求旺盛，存在逾期贷款数量不断上升、从业人员专业素质偏低 等问题。本文结合政策指导性和实践操作性，提出建立“环境+人才+制度+平台” 的系统管理模式，加强农户小额贷款风险防范管理。 关键词：农户小额贷款；风险管理；金融创新 II Abstract Ruraleconomyisanimportantsupportofournationaleconomy.Rural Revitalizationplaysanincreasinglyimportantroleintheprocessofnational modernization,andruralfinancialactivitiesarepaidmoreandmoreattention.Tospeed uptherevitalizationanddevelopmentofruralareas,weneedgovernmentpolicy guidance,agriculturaltechnicalsupport,andmorefinancialsecurity.Thevastrural financialmarketinChinahasnotonlyemergedvigorousvitalityandrapiddevelopment, butalsoexposedaseriesofproblems.Forexample,thebackwardinfrastructureof financialserviceinstitutions,thecomplexserviceobjects,thedifficultyofpersonalloan management,theweakawarenessofriskpreventionandthelowlevelofcreditrisk managementhavebecomethebottleneckrestrictingthedevelopmentofagricultural banks.Thisrequiresagriculturalfinancialinstitutionstopromotefinancialreformand innovationbasedontheoverallsituationofRuralRevitalizationanddevelopment, in-depthpracticeandexploration.Yushucityisthelargestgrainproducingcountyin China,andAgriculturalBankofChina,asthebridgeheadofagriculturalfinancial institutions,hasuniqueadvantagesinthestudyoffinancialactivitiesinRural Revitalizationanddevelopment.Therefore,basedonthepracticeoffarmers'smallloan inYushuCity,combinedwiththedevelopmentstrategyofruralrevitalization,thispaper studiestheproblemsandriskmanagementofruralmicrofinance,inordertoprovide relevantsuggestionsfortheimprovementofruralfinancialenvironment. Thispapercombsthebasicdefinition,typesanddevelopmenttrend,risk performance,managementmechanismandmechanismofmicro-loan,andaccurately graspsthetheoryoffarmers'smallloanandRiskPrevention;Thispaperintroducesthe currentsituationofthedevelopmentoffarmers'smallloanintheYushusub-branchof AgriculturalBankofChina,thepresentsituationoffarmers'smallloanrisk management,andthepracticeoffarmers'smallloanriskmanagementintheYushu sub-branchofAgriculturalBankofChinaThispaperdeeplyanalyzestheshortcomings andproblemsexistingintheriskmanagementsystemoffarmers'smallloaninthe YushubranchofABC,andmakesacomprehensiveanalysisofthereasons.Thestudy foundthat:ThereisastrongdemandforsmallloansfromfarmersinYushuCity,and thereareproblemssuchastherisingnumberofoverdueloansandthelowprofessional qualityofemployeesbiningpolicyguidanceandpracticaloperation,thispaper proposestoestablishasystemmanagementmodelof"environment+talent+system+ platform"tostrengthenthepreventionandmanagementofmicro-loanriskoffarmers. Keywords:Farmermicroloan;Riskmanagement;Financialinnovation 目录 摘要...............................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT.........................................................................................................................II 第1章绪论.................................................................................................................1 1.1研究背景与研究意义........................................................................................1 1.1.1研究背景................................................................................................1 1.1.2研究意义................................................................................................2 1.2国内外研究现状................................................................................................3 1.2.1国内研究现状........................................................................................3 1.2.2国外研究现状........................................................................................4 1.3研究内容和研究方法........................................................................................5 1.3.1研究内容................................................................................................5 1.3.2研究方法................................................................................................5 1.4论文创新之处....................................................................................................6 第2章农户小额贷款风险管理理论概述.....................................................................7 2.1农户小额贷款及风险内涵................................................................................7 2.1.1农户小额贷款定义................................................................................7 2.1.2农户小额贷款产品类型........................................................................7 2.1.3农户小额贷款风险概念........................................................................8 2.1.4农户小额贷款风险类型........................................................................9 2.2农户小额贷款风险管理机制..........................................................................10 2.2.1贷款风险预警机制..............................................................................11 2.2.2贷款风险补偿机制..............................................................................11 2.2.3贷款风险回避机制..............................................................................11 2.2.4贷款风险转移机制..............................................................................11 2.2.5贷款风险分散机制..............................................................................11 2.3农户小额贷款风险管理理论..........................................................................12 2.3.1“三性原则”理论..............................................................................12 2.3.2“信息不对称”理论..........................................................................12 2.3.3“信贷配给”理论..............................................................................13 第3章中国农业银行农行榆树市支行农户小额贷款风险管理现状.......................14 3.1农行榆树市支行农户小额贷款业务简介......................................................14 3.1.1农行榆树市支行概况..........................................................................14 3.1.2农户小额贷款基本情况......................................................................15 3.1.3农户小额贷款风险情况......................................................................15 3.2农行榆树市支行农户小额贷款风险管理主要做法......................................17 3.2.1联保贷款风险管理做法......................................................................18 3.2.2直补贷款风险管理做法......................................................................18 3.2.3抵押贷款风险管理做法......................................................................19 3.2.4农担通贷款风险管理做法..................................................................20 第4章农业银行农行榆树市支行农户小额贷款风险管理问题及成因分析...........22 4.1农行榆树市支行农户小额