村镇经济,一直以来都是国民经济中具有基础性意义的重要组成 部分。村镇银行的产生和发展，对于贯彻落实中央关于“精准扶贫” 和“普惠金融”的重要部署，丰富完善我国多层次、广覆盖、有差异 的金融组织体系，服务小微、助力“三农”，具有重要意义。经过十 余年的培育发展，村镇银行数量与规模快速增加，已成为我国农村金 融体系中极为重要的组成部分。但当前村镇银行的发展迅速的同时， 由于其本身经营成本较高、客群特定性较强、风险防控能力较弱，同 时银行竞争不断加剧，村镇银行发展面临一定风险隐患。以此为背景， 剖析我国村镇银行现实存在又亟待解决的风险管理问题，探索出改进 方法，有理论和现实的双重意义。 本文在归纳总结现有研究理论的基础上，结合我国村镇银行经营 发展情况，对T市DS村镇银行当前面临的各类运营风险进行了评价， 分析内外部风险成因。研究发现，目前T市DS村镇银行面临的主要 运营风险包括四大类风险，风险情况总体较差，其信用风险和流动性 风险尤为突出。其风险成因既有组织体系不健全、制度流程不完善、 员工素质待提升和融资模式需创新等内部因素，又有农业生产本身不 确定性、农民信用意识相对薄弱、农村担保体系和农业保险等第三方 保障机制待完善、政府的政策稳定性和支持力度需提高等外部因素。 针对上述运营风险成因，本文从村镇银行经营管理和政府精准施 策双重角度，进一步从组织、制度、人员和文化四个方面，提出了村 镇银行运营风险管理的保障措施。 II 关键词：村镇银行，运营风险方案，风险管理 III Abstract Thevillageandtowneconomyhasalwaysbeenanimportantpartof thenationaleconomywithbasicsignificance.Theemergenceand developmentofthevillageandtownbankshavecontributedtothe implementationofthecentralgovernment'simportantdeploymentof "precisionpovertyalleviation"and"inclusivefinance",Anditis importanttoprovideamicroeconomyandhelpagriculture,ruraland farmerstostrengthenandimproveChina'smultilevel,extensivecoverage anddifferentiatedfinancialsystem.Aftermorethantenyearsof development,thenumberandscaleofvillageandtownbankshave increasedrapidlyandbecomeanimportantpartofChina'sruralfinancial system. However,atthesametime,thebank'sBankhasahighmanagement cost,ishighlyspecifictothecustomerlayer,isweakinriskprevention andcontrolcapability,andthebankcompetitionintensifies,andthe developmentisfacingacertainrisk.Underthisbackground,itisofboth theoreticalandpracticalsignificancetoanalyzetheexistingandurgent problemsofriskmanagementinruralbanksinChina.Onthebasisof summarizingtheexistingresearchtheoriesandcombiningwiththe developmentofthevillageandtownbanksinChina,thispaperevaluates thevariousoperationalrisksthatthevillageandtownbanksoftcityDS IV arefacingatpresent,andanalyzestheinternalandexternalriskcauses.It isfoundthatthemainoperationalrisksfacedbyDSvillagebanksintcity includefourtypesofrisks,therisksituationisgenerallypoor,especially thecreditriskandliquidityrisk.Itsriskcausesincludeinternalfactors suchasimperfectorganizationalsystem,imperfectsystemandprocess, staffqualitytobeimprovedandfinancingmodeltobeinnovated,there aresomeexternalfactors,suchastheuncertaintyofagricultural production,theweakcreditconsciousnessoffarmers,thethird-party securitymechanismsuchasruralguaranteesystemandagricultural insurance,thestabilityofgovernmentpolicyandthesupportof government,etc.. Inviewoftheabove-mentionedcausesofoperationalrisks,thispaper putsforwardtheguaranteemeasuresofoperationalriskmanagementof villageandtownbanksfromthedualanglesofoperationalmanagement andgovernment'sprecisemeasures,andfurtherfromthefouraspectsof organization,system,personnelandculture. KeyWords:VillageBank,operationalrisk,riskmanagement I 目录 第一章绪论............................................................................................................................1 1.1选题背景及意义............................................................................................................1 1.1.1选题背景....................................................................................................................1 1.1.2选题意义....................................................................................................................3 1.2文献综述........................................................................................................................4 1.2.1国外文献....................................................................................................................4 1.2.2国内文献....................................................................................................................5 1.2.3综述............................................................................................................................7 1.3研究内容与研究方法....................................................................................................7 1.3.1研究内容....................................................................................................................7 1.3.2研究方法....................................................................................................................8 1.4论文创新之处................................................................................................................8 1.4.1研究视角的创新之处................................................................................................8 1.4.2研究内容的创新之处................................................................................................9 1.4.3研究结论的创新之处................................................................................................9 第二章理论基础..................................................................................................................10 2.1运营风险......................................................................................................................10 2.1.1运营风险的定义......................................................................................................10 2.1.2运营风险的分类......................................................................................................10 2.2风险管理相关理论......................................................................................................15 2.2.1金融体系的不稳定性..............................................................................................15 2.2.2信息不对称理论......................................................................................................17 2.2.3全面风险管理..........................................................................................................19 第三章T市DS村镇银行运营风险管理中存在的问题及原因.........................................20 3.1T市DS村镇银行发展现状.........................................................................................20 3.1.1T市DS村镇银行简介.............................................................................................20 3.1.2T市DS村镇银行组织结构...................................................................................21 3.1.3T市DS村镇银行业务情况.....................................................................................21 3.2T市DS村镇银行运营风险管理中存在的风险.........................................................23 3.2.1T市DS村镇银行信用风险.....................................................................................20 II 3.2.2T市DS村镇银行流动性风险.................................................................................21 3.2.3T市DS村镇银行操作风险.....................................................................................21 3.2.4T市DS村镇银行政策风险.....................................................................................21 3.3T市DS村镇银行运营风险管理中存在问题的原因.................................................26 3.3.1内部因素..................................................................................................................26 3.3.2外部因素..................................................................................................................30 第四章T市DS村镇银行运营风险管理改进方案构建与运用.........................................33 4.1T市DS村镇银行运营风险管理的目标和原则....................................