住房是居民生活的基本需求之一，然而短短十余年，房价却增长了十倍之多。 房价走高对于商业银行个人住房贷款业务发展是有利的，个人住房贷款具有资本占 用少、风险权重低、经济资本收益率高等特点，其业务份额在商业银行各项贷款中 的占比不断提升，现已成为商业银行重要的利润增长点。近年来，由于经济增速趋 缓、房地产政策调控等因素，中小开发企业在激烈的市场竞争中逐渐被淘汰，一些 地区仍存在较大的去库存压力，部分项目销售不畅、资金回笼慢，开发商出现资金 链紧张，导致停工、缓建，有的甚至跑路或宣告破产，造成项目烂尾，银行面临较 大损失。如何有效防范和化解个人住房贷款业务风险，实现可持续发展，是商业银 行需要关注和解决的问题。其中操作风险管理是个人住房贷款业务风险管理的一个 重要方面。 本文以交通银行 H 分行个人住房贷款业务为例，借鉴操作风险管理理论，通过 梳理交通银行 H 分行个人住房贷款业务流程及管理现状，对操作风险管理上存在的 问题进行分析，并结合相关典型案例，提出一些合理化建议。具体的论文结构如下： 绪论部分主要论述本文的选题背景，研究目的与意义，研究思路和研究内容， 以及可能的创新和不足； 文献综述部分通过收集和整理相关文献，对个人住房贷款操作风险的相关研究 进行综述； 基于流程的交通银行H分行个人住房贷款操作风险管理现状中介绍了交通银行 H 分行个人住房贷款业务的发展状况，梳理了相关业务流程，并针对个人住房贷款 贷前、贷中、贷后的操作风险管理现状进行分析，提出交通银行 H 分行个人住房贷 款操作风险管理方面存在的问题； 案例分析中给出个人住房贷款操作风险典型案例，具体剖析了问题所在并提出 相关改进措施； 交通银行H分行个人住房贷款操作风险管理的优化建议中指出贷前优选合作机 构、加强首付款审核、落实贷前调查；贷中关注个人征信记录、优化审查审批模式、 强化放款管理；贷后加强权证管理、强化资产质量管控、落实项目贷后查访。 关键词：交通银行；个人住房贷款；操作风险管理I ABSTRACT Housing is one of the basic needs of residents' lives. However, in just over a decade, house prices have increased tenfold. The rise in housing prices is beneficial to the development of commercial housing personal housing loan business. Personal housing loans have the characteristics of low capital occupation, low risk weight and high economic capital return rate. Their share of business in the various loans of commercial banks continues to increase. It has become an important profit growth point for commercial banks. In recent years, due to the slowdown in economic growth and the regulation of real estate policies, small and medium-sized development enterprises have gradually been eliminated in the fierce market competition. In some areas, there are still large destocking pressures, some projects are not well sold, and funds are slowly returned. The developer has a tight capital chain, which has led to work stoppages and slow construction. Some even run or declare bankruptcy, causing the project to be unsuccessful and the banks face large losses. How to effectively prevent and resolve the risk of personal housing loan business and achieve sustainable development is a problem that commercial banks need to pay attention to and solve. Among them, operational risk management is an important aspect of risk management of personal housing loan business. This paper takes the personal housing loan business of Bank of Communications H Branch as an example. Based on the theory of operational risk management, this paper analyzes the problems existing in operational risk management by combing the business process and management status of Bank of Communications H Branch's personal housing loan, and combines relevant typical cases. , put forward some rationalization suggestions. The specific paper structure is as follows: The introduction part mainly discusses the background of the topic, the purpose and significance of the research, the research ideas and research content, as well as possible innovations and deficiencies; The literature review section reviews the relevant research on the risk of personal housing loan operations by collecting and collating relevant literature; Based on the current status of the risk management of personal housing loan operation of Bank of Communications Bank H Branch, the development status of the personal housing loan business of Bank of Communications H Branch is introduced, andII the relevant business processes are sorted out, and the operations of pre-credit, loan, and post-loan for individual housing loans are described. The current situation of risk management is analyzed, and the problems in the risk management of personal housing loan operation of Bank of Communications H Branch are put forward; The case study gives a typical case of personal housing loan operation risk, specifically analyzing the problem and proposing relevant improvement measures; Bank of Communications H Branch's optimization proposal for personal housing loan operation risk management pointed out that the pre-lending preferred cooperation institutions, strengthening the down payment review, and implementing the pre-lending investigation; paying attention to the personal credit record, optimizing the review and approval mode, and strengthening the lending management; Strengthen the management of warrants, strengthen the management and control of asset quality, and implement post-loan visits. KEYWORDS: Bank of communications; Personal housing loans; Operational risk management1 目 录 第一章 绪论.....................................................................................................1 第一节 选题背景..............................................................................................................1 第二节 研究目的与意义..................................................................................................2 第三节 研究思路和研究内容..........................................................................................2 第四节 可能的创新和不足..............................................................................................3 第二章 文献综述.............................................................................................4 第一节 国内外研究现状..................................................................................................4 一、关于操作风险内涵与特征的研究........................................................................4 二、关于个人住房贷款操作风险管理的研究............................................................6 第二节 国内外研究评述..................................................................................................7 第三章 基于流程的交通银行 H 分行个人住房贷款操作风险管理现状....9 第一节交通银行 H 分行个人住房贷款业务简介...........................................................9 第二节 贷前业务流程和操作风险管理现状................................................................11 一、贷前业务流程......................................................................................................11 二、贷前操作风险管理现状......................................................................................11 第三节 贷中业务流程和操作风险管理现状................................................................13 一、贷中业务流程......................................................................................................13 二、贷中操作风险管理现状......................................................................................14 第四节 贷后业务流程和操作风险管理现状................................................................16 一、贷后业务流程......................................................................................................16 二、贷后操作风险管理现状......................................................................................17 第四章 个人住房贷款操作风险典型案例分析...........................................18 第一节 案例描述............................................................................................................18 第二节 案例分析与启示................................................................................................19 第五章 交通银行 H 分行个人住房贷款操作风险管理的优化建议..........232 第一节 贷前管理的优化建议........................................................................................ 23 一、优选合作机构...................................................................................................... 23 二、强化首付款审核.................................................................................................. 23 三、落实贷前调查...................................................................................................... 23 第二节 贷中管理的优化建议........................................................................................ 24 一、关注个人征信记录.............................................................................................. 24 二、优化审查审批模式.............................................................................................. 24 三、强化放款管理...................................................................................................... 24 第三节 贷后管理的优化建议........................................................................................ 25 一、加强权证管理...................................................................................................... 25 二、强化资产质量管控.............................................................................................. 27 三、合作项目贷后查访.............................................................................................. 27