本文在介绍 ERP 项目的实施研究意义和必要性的基础上,以代表国内众多
发展中的上海某中小企业为实际案例,分析探讨中小型制造企业 ERP 项目的实
施背景和过程,总结中小企业 ERP 项目实施成功必须包含的关键阶段:(1)ERP
项目的需求分析及企业管理现状分析阶段;(2)ERP 项目正式实施前的规划及
设计阶段;(3)ERP 系统项目具体实施执行阶段(4)ERP 系统上线运行和项目
评价阶段。在项目实施的各个阶段中,归纳和总结项目实施风险控制的具体方
法和步骤,其可以归纳总结为:(1)必须高度重视并制定项目开展前周密的需
求调研和分析,(2)制定可靠的并可执行的项目实施方法,(3)寻求公司最高
管理层的绝对支持和各业务部门的高度参与,(4)积极的沟通和周密的项目部
署,(5)设定一个可以实现并可以评价的目标
本文在撰写过程中,先从 J 公司的实际需求和现状入手,运用 ERP 系统理
论和 ERP 项目实施方法论的结合,结合 J 公司实际情况,用理论与实践相结合
的方法对 J 公司的 ERP 项目实施制定合理的项目目标和范围,通过周密的实施
部署和对项目过程及成果进行分析总结,力争对 J 公司项目实施进行完整的项
目实施分析,以期为其他的中小企业项目实施提供一定的借鉴和有益的参考,
为中国的中小企业信息化建设贡献微薄之力
关键词 ERP;信息化;项目管理;管理创新-II-
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and
Implementation of J Company
Abstract
ERP refers to optimizing and integrating various resources of enterprises by
means of information technology. Simply speaking, ERP refers to integrating and
managing logistics (real objects and various services), information flow and capital
flow in the development process of enterprise business process through a complete
set of IT system. The realization and transformation of the management mode will
have a far-reaching influence on the sustainable development of enterprises. Actually,
the process of realizing the transformation of the management mode is a positive
driving force for the development and management innovation of enterprises.
However, enterprises are also faced with great challenges in the process of
implementing ERP.
Based on introducing the research significance and necessity of implementing
ERP project, this paper takes a small and medium-sized enterprise representing
numerous developing small and medium-sized enterprises in Shanghai as a practical
case, analyzes and discusses the implementation background and process of ERP
project of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises and summarizes
necessary key stages for the success of small and medium-sized enterprises
implementing ERP project: (1) Analysis stage for the demand analysis of ERP
project and the current situation of business management; (2) Planning and design
stage before the formal implementation of ERP project; (3) Specific implementation
and execution stage of ERP system project; (4) Online operation and project
evaluation stage of ERP system. At various stages of project implementation, the
concrete methods and steps of concluding and summarizing the risk control of
project implementation can be shown as follows: (1) It is necessary to pay high
attention to and develop thorough requirement investigation and analysis before
carrying out the project; (2) Develop reliable and executable implementation method
of the project; (3) Seek the absolute support of top managers of companies and high
participation of various business departments; (4) Active communication and careful-III-
project deployment; (5) set a realizable and evaluable goal.
This paper starts from the actual demand and current situation of J Company in
the process of writing, applies the combination of ERP system theory and ERP
project implementation methodology, combines with the practical situation of J
Company, adopts the method of combining theory with practice to set a reasonable
project objective and scope for ERP project implementation of J Company. And it
tries to conduct a complete analysis on the project implementation of J Company
through the careful deployment of implementation and analysis and summary of
project process and results, hopes to provide certain beneficial reference for the
project implementation of other small and medium-sized enterprises and makes
contributions to the information construction of Chinese small and medium-sized
enterprises.
Keywords ERP, Informatization, Project Management, Management Innovation-iv-
目 录
摘要...I
Abstract.......... II
第 1 章 绪论....1
1.1 研究背景........... 1
1.2 研究目的与意义........... 1
1.2.1 研究目的.... 1
1.2.2 研究意义.... 3
1.3 国内外研究现状........... 4
1.3.1 国外研究现状分析 4
1.3.2 国内研究现状分析 6
1.3.3 国内外研究现状评述........ 7
1.4 研究内容与方法........... 8
1.4.1 研究内容.... 8
1.4.2 研究方法.... 8
1.4.3 技术路线.... 9
第 2 章 J 公司管理现状及 ERP 实施需求分析......10
2.1 公司概况......... 10
2.2 公司组织结构. 10
2.3 J 公司管理需求和目标分析11
2.3.1 J 公司信息化现状 ......... 11
2.3.2 J 公司管理需求 . 12
2.3.3 J 公司实施 ERP 必要性分析.... 13
2.3.4 J 公司实施 ERP 可行性分析.... 13
2.4 影响 J 公司 ERP 实施目标达成因素 14
2.4.1 影响实施目标达成内因分析...... 14
2.4.2 影响实施目标达成外因分析...... 16
2.5 本章小结......... 16
第 3 章 J 公司 ERP 项目实施计划..18
3.1 ERP 项目实施前准备 . 18
3.1.1 项目组织.. 18-v-
3.1.2 角色和职责.......... 19
3.1.3 项目实施组织管理.......... 21
3.2 项目质量控制计划..... 22
3.2.1 项目控制及报告.. 22
3.3 ERP 系统选型 .......... 24
3.4 ERP 管理系统实施培训 ...... 26
3.5 ERP 系统实施调研 .. 26
3.5.1 调研的目的.......... 26
3.5.2 调研的形式.......... 27
3.6 划定 ERP 系统实施范围和目标 ....... 27
3.7 设计系统实施评价关键绩效指标..... 29
3.8 本章小结......... 30
第 4 章 J 公司 ERP 实施策略..........31
4.1 业务流程优化设计开发.......... 31
4.1.1 核心思想和总体思路...... 31
4.1.2 业务流程优化的设计原则.......... 32
4.1.3 BPR-正确理解业务流程重组...... 33
4.2 业务总体流程. 34
4.2.1 销售订单及服务管理...... 35
4.2.2 生产制造管理...... 36
4.2.3 供应链管理.......... 37
4.2.4 质量管理.. 38
4.2.5 财务管理.. 38
4.3 ERP 项目实施数据准备 ......... 39
4.3.1 基础数据的整理、移植与输入.. 39
4.3.2 编码规则的制定及运用.. 42
4.3.3 制定工作准则及工作流程.......... 43
4.4 软件平台设置及方案测试..... 43
4.4.1 软件原型测试...... 43
4.4.2 定制业务的二次开发...... 44
4.4.3 用户模拟运行及测试...... 44
4.4.4 ERP 系统实施中的变更管理 ...... 52
4.5 切换及正式运行......... 52-vi-
4.5.1 期末数据、余额验收与数据导入.......... 52
4.5.2 正式上线.. 54
4.5.3 上线支持及运行支持...... 57
4.5.4 系统切换运行...... 58
4.5.5 项目验收和持续改善...... 58
4.6 本章小结......... 60
第 5 章 J 公司实施效果评估与对策...........61
5.1 实施效果评估分析..... 65
5.1.1 定性的实施效果分析...... 66
5.1.2 可量化的实施效果分析.. 66
5.1.3 具体各模块取得的实施效果分析应包括的内容...........61
5.2 系统正式运行后的风险识别和对策. 61
5.2.1 加强企业 IT 规划与建设61
5.2.2 学习型组织创建.. 62
5.2.3 持续改进.. 63
5.3 本章小结......... 67
结论....68
参考文献........69
致谢....72
个人简历........73-1-
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