社会经济的高速发展，带动着社会融资需求数量和种类的增加， 促使新的金融业态层出不穷，准金融机构以其灵活性、高效性、便捷性 和创新性等特性逐渐在市场中得以认可并高速发展。准金融机构作为 一种金融创新，丰富了融资渠道，更好地满足了市场融资需求，是金融 体系的重要补充。它不仅扩大了社会融资力量，为资本市场和货币市场 注入生机和活力，其发展空间更是相当巨大。但由于相关部门对准金融 机构的监管存在不足，导致准金融机构存在违法违规行为， 并与正 规金融机构存在一定冲突，从而约束了准金融机构的发展。 论文从威海市地方金融监督管理局角度出发，采用文献研究法、 问卷调查法、定性和定量分析结合的方法，对威海市准金融机构监管的 现状、问题及路径进行了研究。首先对国内外准金融机构及其监管的研 究现状进行了梳理，概述了准金融机构监管的相关基础理论；然后从 准金融机构监管客体、监管历程、监管体制等方面分析了威海市准金融 机构监管的现状；其次设计问卷对威海市准金融机构监管客体在监管立 法、监管制度和监管技术等层面进行数据收集和整理，进而分析威海 市准金融机构监管在法制、体制和技术三个层面所存在的问题，并剖 析其原因；最后针对威海市准金融机构在监管不足甚至缺失情况下所存 在的抗风险能力弱、违规现象多、经营模式粗放、治理机构不健全等 一系列问题，在立法、制度和技术层面提出了适合威海市准金融机构监 管的现实路径，即在立法层面，要规范威海市准金融机II 构监管主体，提高准金融机构监管的立法层级，扩大准金融机构的融资 范围和规模；在制度层面，要完善威海市准金融机构监管主体的内控机 制建设，加强行业自律组织建设，统一从业人员准入标准；在技术层面， 要培育准金融机构监管的专业技术人才，建立威海市准金融机构信用体 系，完善准金融监管业务运行平台系统，强化非现场监督， 严格完善监 测体系等。以期完善威海市准金融机构的监管体制，实现有效监督，从 而促进威海市准金融机构的可持续发展。 关键词: 威海市，准金融机构，金融监管，监管路径III ABSTRACT The rapid development of the social economy has led to an increase in the number and variety of social financing needs, prompting the emergence of new financial formats. Quasi-financial institutions are gradually recognized and developed rapidly in the market with their characteristics of flexibility, efficiency, convenience and innovation. As a kind of financial innovation, quasi-financial institutions have enriched the financing channels and better met the market financing needs, which is an important supplement to the financial system. It not only expands the social financing power, but also injects vitality and vitality into the capital market and the money market, and the development space is quite huge. However, due to the lack of supervision by relevant departments in the financial institutions, quasi-financial institutions have violated laws and regulations, and there are certain conflicts with formal financial institutions, thus constraining the development of quasi-financial institutions. From the perspective of Weihai Financial Work Management Office, the paper uses literature research method, questionnaire survey method, qualitative and quantitative analysis method to study the status quo, problems and path of Weihai quasi-financial institution supervision. Firstly, it sorts out the research status of quasi-financial institutions andIV their supervision at home and abroad, and summarizes the relevant basic theories of quasi-financial institution supervision. Then it analyzes the quasi-financial institutions of Weihai from the aspects of quasi-financial institution supervision object, supervision process and supervision system. The status quo of supervision; secondly, the design questionnaire collects and organizes the data on the regulatory legislation, supervision system and supervision technology of Weihai quasi-financial institution supervision objects, and then analyzes the supervision of Weihai quasi- financial institutions in the legal system, system and technology. The existing problems and the reasons for the analysis; finally, in the case of Weihai quasi-financial institutions, under the supervision of insufficient or even lack of supervision, there are a series of problems such as weak anti-risk ability, many violations, extensive business model, and unsound governance institutions. At the institutional and technical level, it proposes a realistic path suitable for the supervision of quasi-financial institutions in Weihai. That is, at the legislative level, it is necessary to regulate the regulatory bodies of quasi-financial institutions in Weihai, improve the legislative hierarchy of quasi-financial institutions, and expand the financing scope of quasi-financial institutions. Scale; at the institutional level, we must improve Weihai The construction of the internal control mechanism of the quasi-financial institution's supervisory body, strengthen the construction of self-discipline organizations in theV industry, and unify the standards for the entry of employees; at the technical level, it is necessary to cultivate professional and technical personnel supervised by quasi-financial institutions, establish a credit system for quasi-financial institutions in Weihai, and improve quasi- financial Regulate the business operation platform system, strengthen off- site supervision, and strictly improve the monitoring system. In order to improve the supervision system of quasi-financial institutions in Weihai City and achieve effective supervision, the sustainable development of quasi-financial institutions in Weihai City will be promoted. Keywords: Weihai, quasi-financial institution, financial supervision, regulatory path目 录 摘要........................................................................................................... I ABSTRACT...............................................................................................III 第一章 绪论................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景与意义...........................................................................................1 1.1.1 研究背景..................................................................................1 1.1.2 研究意义.................................................................................2 1.2 文献综述................................................................................................2 1.2.1 准金融机构的相关研究 ...................................2 1.2.2 准金融机构监管的相关研究...............................................................4 1.2.3 研究评述..................................................................................7 1.3 研究内容与研究方法......................................................................................7 1.3.1 研究内容............................................................................7 1.3.2 研究方法..............................................................................9 1.4 研究创新点与不足.....................................................................9 1.4.1 研究创新点.............................................................................9 1.4.2 研究不足..............................................................................10 第二章 准金融机构及其监管的相关理论概述...................................... 11 2.1 相关概念的界定...............................................................................11 2.1.1 金融机构.............................................................................11 2.1.2 准金融机构........................................................................11 2.1.3 金融监管.........................................................................11 2.1.4 准金融机构监管...................................................................12 2.2 准金融机构概述..............................................................................12 2.2.1 准金融机构的特点....................................................................12 2.2.2 我国准金融机构的发展现状.............................................................132.3 金融监管理论概述.....................................................................................17 2.3.1 自律型金融监管理论.....................................................................17 2.3.2 管理型金融监管理论.....................................................................17 2.3.1 效率型金融监管理论........................................................................18 第三章 威海市准金融机构的监管现状.................................................. 19 3.1 威海市准金融监管客体的发展现状............................................................19 3.2 威海市准金融机构监管的发展历程............................................................22 3.3 威海市准金融机构的现有监管体制............................................................23 3.3.1 监管主体.............................................................................................23 3.3.2 监管内容和方式.................................................................................25 第四章 威海市准金融机构监管的问题及原因分析............................. 27 4.1 问卷设计及调查分析....................................................................................27 4.1.1 问卷设计.............................................................................................27 4.1.2 调查数据分析.....................................................................................27 4.2 威海市准金融机构监管存在的主要问题....................................................34 4.2.1 监管法律体系不完善.....................................................................34 4.2.2 监管体制弊端凸显.............................................................................35 4.2.3 监管技术落后.....................................................................................36 4.3.威海市准金融机构监管存在问题的原因分析............................................37 4.3.1 监管方式和标准不一致 ..................................37 4.3.2 监管所投入的人力物力不足.............................................................37 4.3.3 监管机构不独立.................................................................................38 4.3.4 监管技术和手段不完善 ..................................38 第五章 威海市准金融机构监管的路径选择........................................ 40 5.1 健全威海市准金融机构监管法律体系........................................................40 5.1.1 明确准金融机构监管主体的法律地位.............................................40 5.1.2 提高准金融机构监管的立法层级.....................................................41 5.1.3 立法扩大融资渠道和经营区域.........................................................415.2 科学规范威海市准金融机构监管体制........................................................42 5.2.1 完善内控机制建设.................................................................42 5.2.2 加强行业自律组织建设....................................................................42 5.2.3 统一从业人员准入标准 ..................................43 5.3 提高威海市准金融机构监管技术................................................................43 5.3.1 建立准金融机构信用体系.................................................................43 5.3.2 建立完善业务运行平台系统.............................................................43 5.3.3 强化现场监管.......................................................................44 5.3.4 严格完善检测体系...................................................................44 5.3.5 培育专业人才队伍...................................................................44 结语............................................................................................................ 45