人类自古就逐水而居，或者为了生存的需要而建立水库，人类活动严重影响着与人类 生产和生活密切相关的水域。这种影响在人与环境交互作用最为强烈的地区——城市周边 的湖泊、水库，大量存在。它的发展又造成水域污染与人居环境相互影响、相互制约。本 文的研究对象新疆青格达湖是典型的城市周边湖泊，人类活动产生的大量污水的排入使得 青格达湖水质恶化，处于富营养化状态，严重影响着湖区景观，下游灌溉和渔业养殖。 传统的水环境治理方式，1.源头治理，面源污染问题越来越严重；2.全湖治理，投资 较高，常规的生态工程方法速度较慢，在某些地区并不适用。文章因地制宜，充分利用天 然的自净资源，尝试定义一个湖泊水环境治理的新思路。 本研究通过野外调查、实验室泥沙吸附沉降试验和工艺设计探讨青格达湖围堰工程实 施的可行性。尝试采取河口治理的方式，在青格达湖的主要污染源水磨河入湖口设置围堰 工程，利用泥沙吸附作用，将污染物截留在湖区外部，划分一部分治理单元，牺牲一小部 分湖面的水域，带来湖泊整体水质改善。 头屯河泥沙吸附沉降试验结果表明，头屯河泥沙是可以利用的天然自净资源，(1)悬 浮泥沙对水中 COD 影响明显，泥沙对 COD 具有很较强的吸附作用，随着水中泥沙颗粒物的 沉降，水中的 COD 值随之降低。(2)泥沙对水中重金属总铬具有很好的吸附作用，各个沙 样的平均去除率达到了 62.88%。(3)悬浮的泥沙对水中藻类的生长具有很好的抑制作用。 (4)泥沙的加入会暂时造成水体浊度增加，在沉降 24h 后，水中悬浮物浓度降低到未加泥 沙时水中悬浮物浓度的值，这时水体浊度降低，说明泥沙的加入不会对水体景观造成很大 影响。 同时，本文也探讨了在河口围堰工程技术支持下的可操作性的管理措施。对于湖泊水 环境治理，生态环境建设及可持续发展有着重要的理论和现实意义。 关键字，青格达湖 城市周边 人类活动影响 生态工程II The Feasibility Research of Lake Water Environment Treatment and Ecological Engineering Intervene ——ACase Study on Xinjiang Qinggeda Lake Abstract Human beings reside chaseing water resources since ancient times， or build reservoir in order to live， It's patently obvious that human activities effect on these water. the influence existing in great quantity in region that people and environment interactive strong——lake、reservoir around city. The development had a reciprocal impact、hostage to water pollution and people's living environment. This article's study target Qinggeda Lake is a typically exurban lake， human activities vomits out amount of sewage into Qingeda Lake. Made Water quality deterioration， to be in a eutrophic condition， affects lake landscape、 irrigate farmland and fishery breed. Conventional water environment treatment means: 1. pollution source treatment， non point pollution become more and more serious； 2.lake regulation ， investment is high ， Conventional Ecological Engineering is too slowly， and not suit for some region. this article adjust measures to local conditions， make the most use of crude self-purification resources， try to define a new ideal for lake water environment treatment. This research through field investigation 、 bedload adsorption sedimentation experiment in lab and technology design to discuss theIII Feasibility of cofferdam engineering of Qinggeda Lake. Try to adopt estuarine regulation mode:seting cofferdam engineering at the main pollutant source Shuimo River estuarine ， make use of bedload adsorption ，take the pollution out of the lake， demarcation a part of treatment cell， Give for cantlet lake water to make the entirety lake water quality improvement Through the bedload adsorption sedimentation experiment，the main results have been attained as follows:(1)the suspended sediment has obviously effect on concentration of COD in water，it shows adsorption that bedload adsorb COD is obvious，along with the sedimentation of suspended bedload，the concentration of COD is reduced.(2)adsorption that bedload adsorb total Cr is obvious ， the average removing percentage of each bedload sample is 62.88%.(3)the suspended sediment can restrain the alga grow in water.(4)add bedload can increase the water turbidity transitorily,after sedimentation 24h，the concentration of suspended sediment has dropped to the concentration of suspended sediment did not add bedload in water，water turbidity debased，so we can know add bedload will not obviously affect water landscape. Meanwhile，this article also discussed the management measures with the sustainable of estuarine cofferdam engineering technology. Has important theoretical and realistic significance for water environment treatment，eco-environment construction and sustainable development. Keywords，Qinggeda Lake；Greenbelt；Human Interference；Ecological EngineeringIV 目 录 摘要 .................................................................... I ABSTRACT ................................................................. II 1、绪 论 .................................................................. 1 1.1 问题的提出........................................................... 1 1.1.1 人类活动对城市周边水环境的影响 ................................... 2 1.1.2 湖泊富营养化问题突出 ............................................. 4 1.2 研究意义............................................................. 4 1.3 国内外研究现状及发展趋势 ............................................. 5 1.3.1 控制污染物输入湖泊的技术 ......................................... 6 1.3.2 治理方法 生态工程技术控制湖泊污染 ................................ 6 1.4 存在问题............................................................ 10 1.4.1 对生态工程的认识问题 ............................................ 10 1.4.2 技术问题........................................................ 10 1.4.3 速度问题........................................................ 10 1.5 主要研究内容与拟解决的关键问题 ...................................... 11 1.5.1 本文主要研究内容: ............................................... 12 1.5.2 研究方法........................................................ 12 1.5.3 技术路线........................................................ 12 2、研究区概况 ............................................................ 13 2.1 青格达湖流域自然生态环境概况 ........................................ 13 2.2 青格达湖生态环境受损与污染现状 ...................................... 15 2.2.1 水环境概况...................................................... 15 2.2.2 水环境现状评价.................................................. 16 2.2.3 污染源现状调查.................................................. 18 2.2.3.1 水磨河...................................................... 18 2.2.3.2 头屯河...................................................... 19 2.2.3.3 乌鲁木齐河.................................................. 20 2.3 青格达湖湖区物理生态工程水环境治理设想 .............................. 21 3、泥沙吸附沉降对污染物的去除作用研究 .................................... 23 3.1 天然水体中泥沙颗粒的物理化学性质 .................................... 24 3.1.1 泥沙对水环境质量的影响 .......................................... 24 3.1.2 泥沙的物理化学性质 .............................................. 24V 3.1.2.1 泥沙吸附污染物的原理 ........................................ 25 3.1.2.2 泥沙吸附污染物影响因素分析 .................................. 26 3.2 头屯河泥沙对污水中污染物的吸附和去除作用 ............................ 27 3.2.1 试验方法........................................................ 28 3.2.2 泥沙吸附实验.................................................... 30 3.2.2.1 主要实验仪器、试剂 .......................................... 30 3.2.2.2 实验方案.................................................... 31 3.2.3 实验结果分析.................................................... 32 3.2.3.1 泥沙吸附沉降对水中 COD 的影响 ................................ 32 3.2.3.2 泥沙吸附沉降对水中总铬的影响 ................................ 34 3.2.3.3 悬浮泥沙对水中藻类滋生的抑制作用 ............................ 35 3.2.3.4 泥沙沉降实验 ................................................ 37 3.2.4 小结............................................................ 38 4、青格达湖生态工程干预的技术体系 ........................................ 39 4.1 工程概况............................................................ 39 4.2 方案的选择与确定.................................................... 39 4.2.1 设计思路........................................................ 39 4.2.2 青格达湖生态功能修复工程总体设计 ................................ 39 4.3 方案工艺与初步设计.................................................. 42 4.4 工程可行性分析...................................................... 43 4.4.1 技术可行性...................................................... 43 4.4.2 经济可行性...................................................... 44 5、青格达湖水环境治理管理措施研究 ........................................ 46 5.1 管理的必要性........................................................ 46 5.2 青格达湖水环境治理管理措施 .......................................... 47 6、结论及建议 ............................................................ 49 6.1 研究结论............................................................ 49 6.2 研究展望及建议 ...................................................... 50