随着现代企业制度的产生和演变，公司治理相关课题也应运而生，并且逐步 丰富和完善，目前已经成为全球性的课题。近十几年来，中国互联网企业高速发 展，互联网公司的治理问题既有普通企业的共性，也呈现一定的特殊性。有研究 数据表明，中国互联网企业的寿命普遍在3年左右。J公司是一家成立于2018 年的新型互联网公司，由于股东意见分歧、公司管理层频繁变动等原因，公司业 务拓展遇到极大的障碍。本文正是在这样的背景下展开对J互联网公司内部治理 问题的分析研究。 本文通过前期资料收集、实地调查等途径，综合运用访谈法、因果分析法和 问卷调查等方法，对J公司从股东、董事会、监事、经理层等多方面进行了问题 分析，找到J公司存在的内部人控制、缺乏激励机制、董事会决策执行缺乏有效 性等问题，并针对存在的问题提出了适用的优化策略，旨在提升J公司的内部治 理水平，逐步消除内部治理问题带来的负面影响，实现公司的经营目标和长期战 略。 确认决策信息传递的有效性、鼓励监事积极发挥监督作用、明确经理层人员 的选拔流等优化策略的提出，一方面为J公司现阶段公司内部治理中存在的问题 找到了解决方法，为J公司的未来发展提供了建议，另一方面，对J公司的内部 治理问题探索和研究的过程，在信息化新时代下，对其他互联网企业的内部治理 有一定的指导意义和参考价值。 关键词：公司治理；优化策略；内部人控制 II Abstract With the emergence and evolution of modern enterprise system, corporate governance related issues have emerged, and gradually enriched and improved, which has become a global issue. In the past decade, with the rapid development of Internet enterprises in China, the governance of Internet companies has not only the common characteristics of ordinary enterprises, but also some special characteristics. According to some research data, the life span of Chinese Internet enterprises is generally about 3 years. J company is a new Internet company founded in 2018. Due to the differences of shareholders' opinions and frequent changes of the company's management, the company's business development has encountered great obstacles. It is in this context that this paper studies the internal governance of J Internet company. This paper analyzes the problems of J company from many aspects, such as shareholders, board of directors, supervisors, managers, etc. by means of pre data collection, field investigation and other methods, and comprehensively uses interview, causal analysis and questionnaire survey. It finds out the problems existing in J company, such as internal control, lack of incentive mechanism, lack of effectiveness of decision-making and implementation of the board of directors, and puts forward some suggestions for the existing problems The purpose is to improve the internal governance level of J company, gradually eliminate the negative impact of internal governance problems, and achieve the company's business objectives and long-term strategy. Confirm the effectiveness of decision-making information transmission, encourage supervisors to actively play the role of supervision, and clarify the selection flow of managers. On the one hand, find solutions to the problems existing in the internal governance of J company at this stage, and provide suggestions for the future development of J company. On the other hand, explore and study the internal governance of J company in the process of information In the new era of information technology, it has certain guiding significance and reference value for the internal governance of other Internet enterprises. III Key Words： Corporate governance; Optimization strategy; Insider control IV 目 录 第一章 引 言 ..................................................................................... 1 第一节 研究背景与意义 ...................................................................................... 1 一 研究背景 .................................................................................................................... 1 二 研究意义 .................................................................................................................... 1 第二节 研究内容与方法 ...................................................................................... 2 一 研究内容 .................................................................................................................... 2 二 研究方法 .................................................................................................................... 2 第三节 研究创新与特色 ...................................................................................... 3 第二章 J公司内部治理现状分析 .......................................................... 5 第一节 J公司基本情况介绍 ................................................................................ 5 一 政务互联网行业发展情况及J公司成立契机 ......................................................... 5 二 股东介绍及公司基本情况......................................................................................... 6 第二节 J公司内部治理现状分析 ........................................................................ 9 一 J公司问卷调查的结果分析 ...................................................................................... 9 二 J公司高层访谈的结果分析 ...................................................................................... 9 三 J公司内部治理现状总结 ........................................................................................10 第三章 J公司内部治理问题及成因分析 ............................................ 13 第一节 股东大会存在问题及成因分析 ............................................................ 13 一 股东关联交易没有依据...........................................................................................14 二 股东人员和业务方面缺乏独立性 ...........................................................................14 三 股东有搭便车行为 ..................................................................................................15 四 股东对实际控制权争夺造成的负面影响 ...............................................................15 第二节 董事会、监事存在问题及成因分析 .................................................... 16 一 半数以上董事参与公司事务时间少 .......................................................................17 二 董事的绩效和薪酬与J公司关联弱 .......................................................................17 三 监事未发挥监督作用 ..............................................................................................17 V 第三节 经理层存在问题及成因分析 ................................................................ 17 一 经理层人员的选拔方式单一 ...................................................................................18 二 经理层人员能力方向不符合发展要求 ...................................................................18 三 放任的内部人控制模式...........................................................................................19 四 缺乏针对经理层的有效激励 ...................................................................................20 五 缺乏对经理层的约束机制.......................................................................................21 第四章 J公司内部治理问题优化策略 ................................................ 23 第一节 J公司内部治理优化的总体思路 .......................................................... 23 第二节 股东大会的优化建议 ............................................................................ 24 一 完善公司章程，确认关联交易规范 .......................................................................24 二 引入第三方机构进行监管.......................................................................................25 第三节 董事会、监事的优化建议 .................................................................... 26 一 建立对董事会的长效考评机制 ...............................................................................26 二 加大对“内部人控制”的监管 ...................................................................................27 三 鼓励监事发挥监督作用...........................................................................................28 第四节 经理层的优化建议 ..........................