吉林银行长春分行小微企业信贷风险管理研究 当前，我国经济进入新常态，小微企业作为我国国民经济的重要组成部分。 小微企业的发展对稳增长、调结构、促就业、惠民生具有重要意义。然而，小 微企业存在规模小、抗风险能力弱、管理能力不足、财务管理混乱等特点，在 发展过程中融资情况不乐观。由于我国城市商业银行较为落后的风险管控水平， 导致城市商业银行开展小微信贷业务面临的信贷风险相对较高，不良率不断攀 升，商业银行对小微企业产生谨慎贷款或者惜贷的情况时有发生。小微企业信 贷业务已经成为商业银行战略发展的重要业务之一，在保证大力发展小微信贷 业务的同时，防止大量信贷风险发生显得尤为重要。本文以吉林银行长春分行 为例，通过对小微企业信贷风险管理的研究，对小微企业信贷业务风险进行控 制，降低小微企业信贷业务不良率，提升银行利润，缓和小微企业融资难、融 资贵的局面，促进小微企业良性发展。 本文分为四个部分，第一部分主要描述了研究背景与意义，研究内容和和 方法，基础理论和文献综述。阐述在经济新常态背景之下小微企业对我国经济 做出的贡献，但由于银行的风险管理水平不足，导致小微企业信贷需求无法满 足，因此研究信贷风险管理显得更为重要。在第一章的内容里对本文相关基础 理论进行了介绍，包括信息不对称理论、信贷配给理论和企业生命周期理论。 第二部分介绍了吉林银行长春分行小微企业信贷风险管理的现状及存在的 问题。通过对吉林银行长春分行小微信贷业务的流程、制度、管理模式和风险 表现进行分析，发现吉林银行长春分行小微企业信贷在贷前调查、贷中审批和 贷后检查中存在风险识别、风险控制和风险处置方面的问题。 第三部分对吉林银行长春分行小微信贷风险问题成因分析。吉林银行长春 分行风险管理问题的主要成因源自于银行内部，体现在信用评价体系方面、信 贷从业人员方面、流程与制度方面和风险控制方面。信贷业务的流程主要为调II 查、审批和检查，如何识别风险，把控操作风险，优化流程，明确责任和问责 制度成为了吉林银行长春分行小微信贷风险管理的侧重点。 第四部分从内部风险评价体系、信贷从业人员风险意识、风险管理流程和 制度、风险控制体系内容四方面提出改进方案，解决吉林银行长春分行小微信 贷风险管理中存在的问题。 通过对吉林银行长春分行小微企业信贷风险管理现状的分析，发现其存在 的问题，找到形成的原因，提出针对性的解决方案，从源头上提高对小微信贷 风险的识别能力，控制信贷风险，降低企业信贷风险成本，以信贷业务为基础 促进小微企业信贷业务良性发展。 关键词： 小微贷款，信贷风险，风险管理III Abstract Research on SMEs’ Credit Risk Management of Bank of Jilin Changchun Branch At present, China's economy has entered a new normal, and small and micro enterprises are an important part of China's national economy. The development of small and micro enterprises is of great significance for stable economic growth, adjustment of industrial structure, promotion of employment, and popularization of people's livelihood. However, small and micro enterprises have the characteristics of small scale, weak ability to resist risks, lack of management ability, and chaotic financial management. The financing situation is not optimistic in the development process. Due to the relatively backward risk management and control level of China's urban commercial banks, the credit risk faced by urban commercial banks in the development of micro-credit business is relatively high, and the non-performing rate is rising. Commercial banks have cautious loans to small and micro enterprises. Small and micro enterprise credit business has become one of the important businesses for the strategic development of commercial banks. While ensuring the development of small and micro credit business, it is particularly important to prevent a large number of credit risks. This paper uses the research on the credit risk management of small and micro enterprises to control the credit risk of small and micro enterprises, reduce the non-performing rate of small and micro enterprises' credit business, improve bank profits, and ease the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises. The situation of financing is expensive and promotes the development of small and micro enterprises. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part mainly describes the research background and significance, the research content and methods, the basic theory andIV the literature review. Explain the contribution of small and micro enterprises to China's economy under the new economic normal background. However, due to the insufficient risk management level of banks, the credit demand of small and micro enterprises cannot be satisfied. Therefore, it is more important to study credit risk management. In the first chapter, the basic theories of this paper are introduced, including information asymmetry theory, credit rationing theory and enterprise life cycle theory. The second part says the current situation and existing problems of credit risk management of small and micro enterprises in Jilin Branch Changchun Branch. Through the analysis of the process, system, management mode and risk performance of the micro-credit business of Jilin Bank Changchun Branch, it is found that the small and micro enterprise credit of Jilin Bank Changchun Branch has issues on risk identification and risk in lending investigation, loan approval and post-lending inspection. Control and risk disposal. The third part analyzes the causes of the small and micro enterprise’s credit risk problem of Jilin Bank Changchun Branch. The main causes of the risk management problem of Jilin Bank Changchun Branch originated from itself, which is reflected in the credit evaluation system, credit practitioners, process and system aspects and risk control. The credit business process is mainly for investigation, approval and inspection. How to identify risks, control operational risks, optimize processes, and clarify responsibilities and accountability systems have become the focus of small and micro credit risk management of Jilin Bank Changchun Branch. The fourth part proposes an improvement plan from four aspects: internal risk assessment system, risk awareness of credit practitioners, risk management process and system, and risk control system, to solve the problems in the micro-credit risk management of Jilin Bank Changchun Branch. Through the analysis of the current situation of credit risk management of smallV and micro enterprises in Jilin Branch Changchun Branch, we found out the problems, found the reasons for the formation, proposed targeted solutions, improved the ability to identify small and micro credit risks from the source, and control credit risk. To reduce the cost of corporate credit risk and promote the sound development of small and micro enterprise credit business based on credit business. Key words: Small micro business loan, credit risk, risk management.VI 目 录 第 1 章 绪论 ...........................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景与意义 ............................................................................ 1 1.2 研究方法与研究内容 .................................................................... 1 1.3 理论基础与文献综述 .................................................................... 2 第 2 章 吉林银行长春分行小微企业信贷风险管理现状及存在的问题..7 2.1 吉林银行长春分行小微企业信贷业务介绍................................ 7 2.2 吉林银行长春分行小微企业信贷风险管理现状...................... 10 2.3 吉林银行长春分行小微企业信贷风险管理存在的问题.......... 15 第 3 章 吉林银行长春分行小微企业信贷风险管理问题成因分析..17 3.1 内部信用风险评价体系不科学.................................................. 17 3.2 信贷从业人员风险意识淡薄 ...................................................... 19 3.3 信贷风险管理流程与制度存在漏洞.......................................... 21 3.4 风险控制体系不健全 .................................................................. 22 第 4 章 吉林银行长春分行小微信贷风险管理改进方案.................24 4.1 改进内部风险评价体系 .............................................................. 24 4.2 提高信贷从业人员风险意识 ...................................................... 26 4.3 健全风险管理流程和制度 .......................................................... 28 4.4 丰富风险控制体系内容 .............................................................. 30 结 论 .................................................................................................33