伴随着经济的大幅增长和人民生活质量的不断提升,以及现代技术和交通的迅猛发

展,旅游产业逐渐成为经济发展的支柱产业和新的增长点,旅游服务贸易成为各国经济

发展的重点产业之一。中国的旅游业较全世界起步较晚,至今大概三十年左右,但是中

国旅游业已经逐渐发展成为较大的产业以及民族“支柱产业”。作为我国西南部比较落

后的省份,贵州省却拥有十分丰富的自然生态资源,因此,贵州旅游发展依赖于其丰富

自然资源如何向现实的竞争力转变,有力地增强自身的入境旅游吸引力,提升贵州省旅

游服务贸易的附加值,进而提高贵州省旅游国际竞争力水平。近来,贵州省旅游服务贸

易得到较大的发展,从国际旅游收入、旅游入境人数、以及旅游服务贸易对贵州省国民

生产总值的贡献方面都有了快速的增长,旅游业己成为贵州省的支柱产业。2001年至

2011年十一年间,贵州省旅游收入增长16倍,旅游外汇收入增长两倍多。但相对于我

国其他省份,贵州旅游服务贸易仍然存在着许多问题,比如旅游市场占有率过小,旅游基

础设施落后,旅游业人力素质偏低等,这些问题严重的阻碍了贵州省旅游服务贸易的发

展。

本文首先对贵州省旅游服务贸易竞争力进行评价,建立贵州入境旅游服务贸易竞争

力评价指标体系,利用云模型的评价方法,对贵州省旅游服务贸易竞争力水平进行实证

分析。结合前述评价结果,本文结合定性和定量的方法对影响贵州省旅游服务贸易现实

水平的因素进行研究。借鉴乔东旭的“九要素模型”从旅游资源条件、国内需求、人力

要素、相关和支持产业、企业盈利能力、资本要素和生态环境等方面选取指标,建立了

指标体系对贵州省旅游服务贸易发展的影响因子进行了灰色关联度分析。实证结果表

明:(根据关联度从大到小排列)旅游资源条件〉人力要素〉资本要素〉生态环境〉〉企业

盈利能力〉相关和支持产业〉国内需求。依据前述对贵州省旅游服务贸易影响因子的关联

度的实证分析结果,本文从关联度较大的因素寻求促进贵州省旅游服务贸易发展对策。

关键词:旅游服务贸易竞争力;云模型;九要素模型;灰色关联度

Abstract

With fhe siibstantial increase of the socio-economic growth and people's living standards ’

as well as the rapid development of modem technology and transport,the tourism industry has

gradually become a pillar industry and new growth point of economic development, tourism

service trade become one of large -scale and promising industries in fhe world. China's tourism

industry appeared relatively late compared to the other countries, about 30 years, but the

Chinese tourism industry has gradually developed into a laige industry and the national pillar

industry. As China's backward region in tiie southwest, Guizhou Province, has a very rich

eco-tourism resources. The key point of tourism industry in Guizhou Province to achieve

leapfrog development is how to turn its rich tourism resources into the competitiveness.

Guizhou should use the advantage to attract more domestic and foreign tourists, contributing to

increase the addtional value of Guizhou tourism services trade, thereby effectively promote the

development of trade in services and tourism in Guizhou and improve the international

.
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competitiveness level of Guizhou tourism services trade.

Recently, the tourism services trade of Guizhou developed largely,from.international

tourism revenue, numbers of tourists, to the tourism services trade making large contribution to

GNP of Guizhou, Guizhou had sharp increase. Tourism has also become the economic

development in Guizhou core industries. From 2001 to 2011,the total tourism revenue of

Guizhou Province increased 16 times , while tiie growth, of tourism foreign exchange earnings

increased twice . However, compared with other regions, Guizhou Province, the international

competitiveness of tourism service trade is very weak,there are still many urgent problems to

solve ’ such as tourism service trade market share is too small, poor the tourism infrastructure,

and low human qualities in tourism industry. These problems have seriously restricted the

development of Guizhou Tourism Trade services.

This p^)er starts From the evaluation of Guizhou tourism service trade competitiveness

and international status, first establishes evaluation index system of Guizhou tourism service

trade competitiveness ’ then with the use of cloud model evaluation method to analyze

international competitiveness of Guizhou Tourism Services Trade. Combined with rating results,

we use the method of qualitative and quantitative to research the factors that influence the

development of Guizhou tourism services trade. According to nine elements model of South

Korean scholar Qiao Dong Xu,he established the nine elements which influence' Guizhou

Provincial Tourism Development of services trade. He advised that with 2 elements of

government and the opportunities, we can establish a system of impact factors in Guizhou

ii

tourism service trade development,such as tourism resources,aspects of domestic

hmiian &ctors, related and stqpoiting industries, coipoxate jnofitability, capital elements and

ecological envizonment Research empirical results shoW|\^iat &ctor is important tourism

resourceshuman &ctorcapital ElementsEcologycoipoiate profitabilityrelevant and

su|port industty domestic demand.

According to fhe empirical analyas of the &ctois affecting tourism service trade, this

paper, a laige correlatic^-fectors : increased protection of tourist development and tourism

environment -, hiizpan &c^)rs integrad(i , increase tourism investment capital factor ,

countenneasures mcl suggestions to improve the level of profitability of tourism enteiprises.

Key words: Competiti^q.ess of tourism s^vices trade; Cloud model; Nine elonents model;