EAP (职工援助计划)体系是目前国外先进企业用以管理职工压力、情绪的热
门工具,国内一些注重人文管理的先进企业也已开始引进。本文以“山东电力集
团公司EAP体系构建研究”为题进行深入研究,对指导电力企业构建EAP体系具有
重要的理论意义和实践意义。
在文献研究方面,本文大量查阅、研究国内外EAP方面的最新文献,认真学习
国内外学者对于EAP理论和技术的阐释,充分掌握国内外EAP最新发展趋势,认为
EAP体系对高速发展的变革时期的电力企业具有重要作用。
在对EAP体系需求评估方面,本文结合山东电力实际情况进行了详细分析:
一是针对山东电力组织结构、内外部环境和人力资源管理等情况,进行了深入的
理论分析,明确发现山东电力人力资源管理在职工压力、情绪管理方面仍处于“救
火队”阶段,尚无系统的预防管控方式;二是采用问卷调查方式,面向150名具
有专业、年龄、岗位等代表性的职工,对职工压力程度、情绪管理能力进行了统
计调查和分析,发现公司普遍存在年轻职工奉献意识弱、一线职工情绪管理能力
较差、部分职工在变革期间的不安心态等问题,而针对这些问题,公司尚无相关
部门或体系进行系统解决;三是针对发现的问题,本文提出构建山东电力EAP体
系,并创新设计了职工EAP体系认同度调查问卷,面向150名职工进行认同度调
查,对问卷进行统计分析后,结合前述对山东电力管理理论分析,得出分析结果
无论从职工心理需求还是从企业管理进步角度,EAP体系都呼之欲出。
在体系设计方面,根据文献研究、需求评估的结果,本文从设计目标、设计
原则、运作模式、系统横向模块、系统纵向框架、构建流程六个方面,对山东电
力EAP体系构建进行方案设计:一是从公司层面和员工层面提出设计目标;二是
提出四点设计原则:严格保密原则,预防为主、治疗为辅原则,客观原则,评估、
反馈并重原则;三是运作模式设计为内部EAP与外部EAP相结合模式,并对外部
EAP机构的选择和内部EAP机构的设立提出了构想和职责设计;四是对系统横向模
块进行了设计,提出五大模块设计方案,包括心理健康服务模块、职业规划服务
模块、企业服务模块、宣传推广模块和评估完善模块;五是对系统纵向框架进行
了设计,提出三级体系设计方案,包括一级前期介入(主要用于预防和指导)、
二级短期聚焦(主要用于帮助解决轻度问题)和三级危机干预(主要用于全面介
入解决重度问题或严重的突发事件)。
目前个别省电力公司虽已对EAP有所涉足,但都仅停留在简单的心理培训、组
织活动方面,对于EAP体系的系统构建仍处于空白阶段。本文的研究具有一定的前
瞻性和针对性,不仅会为下一步山东电力构建EAP体系提供理论指导,也将对其他
省电力公司的EAP体系构建提供有价值的参考和启示。
关键词:EAP体系 压力管理 省电力公司
ABSTRACT
Shandong Electric Power Corporation (SEPC) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the
State Grid Corporation. SEPC is composed of 21 departments; 17 municipal power
companies, 30 enterprises and institutions, and 98 country power plants. In recent years,
with the economic acceleration in Shandong and the rapid development of power grid,
the pressure for safe production has been increasing among electricity employees, at the
same time, as the three sets of five major structural reforms of the State Grid
Corporation evolve,everyone in SEPC—from leaders to front-line workers—is under
enormous psychological pressure and needs to adapt to the new system as soon as
possible.
Employee Assistance Program (EAP) system is a popular tool from the advanced
foreign companies to manage staff pressure, which has begun to be introduced to
domestic national enterprises. This paper investigates the EAP System of SEPC, which
has important theoretical and practical implications. After extensive review of recent
domestic and international literature about EAP, this paper suggests that the EAP system
plays an important role in the high-speed development period of power corporations.
This study conducted a detailed assessment of the need for EAP in SEPC. After
in-depth analysis of the organizational structure, external environment, and human
resources management of SEPC, this study found that the human resource management
and mood management of SEPC are still in a firefighter stage and there is no
prevention control system, with a survey for the 150 representative workers with
different professional, age, job background, focused on analysis of employee stress
levels, mood management capabilities, it is prevalence found that the young workers
have weak sense to dedicate; front-line workers have poor emotional management
capabilities; some workers have the uneasy state of mind during changing; and also
other issues. To solve these problems, SEPC has no department or system to solve them
systemically.For the problems, the paper proposes to build the Shandong Electric Power
Corporation EAP system,and innovative designed an acceptance survey of EAP system
for the 150 workers. Based on the statistical analysis of the questionnaire and the
theoretical analysis, the results show that the EAP system are ready to come out, from
the view of workers psychological needs and progress of enterprise management.
According to the literature and the needs assessment, the Shandong Electric Power
Corporation EAP system build program is designed from six aspects: design goals,
design principles, mode of operation, the system horizontal module, the system
longitudinal framework and building process.From the corporate level and the staff
level to find design goals;Four key points for design principles: the principle of strict
confidentiality, focusing on prevention, treatment as supplementation, objective
principles, assessment and feedback are both focused;Mode of operation designed for
combination the internal EAP with external EAP model,give concept and
responsibilities of design of choosing external EAP institutions and establishing internal
EAP institutions;Design of the system horizontal module, the five module design
concept is proposed, including mental health services module, career planning services
module, the enterprise service module, promotional modules and assessment to improve
the module;Design of the system longitudinal framework, the tree level system concept
is proposed, including a pre-intervention (mainly used for the prevention and guidance),
two short-term focus (mainly used to help solve a mild problem) and three crisis
intervention (mainly for comprehensive intervention to solve the problem of severe or
serious emergencies).
Although some individual provincial power companies introduced the EAP, but
just stay simple psychological training,organizational activities, the building of the EAP
system is still in blank stage. This study has certain forward-looking and targeted, will
not only provide theoretical guidance for the next step of Shandong Electric Power
Construction of the EAP system, and also provide a valuable reference and inspiration
for other provincial power company to build EAP system.
Key words: EAP system pressure management
The Provincial Electricity Company
1绪论
1.1选题背景及意义
EAP (Employee Assistance Program)即员工援助计划,是企业组织为员工
提供的系统的、长期的援助与福利项目;通过专业人员对组织以及员工及其直属
亲人进行诊断和建议,提供专业指导、培训和咨询,帮助员工及其家庭成员解决
心理和行为问题,提高绩效及改善组织气氛和管理,减轻职场压力。简而言之,
EAP是企业用于管理和解决员工个人问题,从而提高员工与企业绩效的有效机制。
EAP体系的概念最初形成于20世纪八十年代的美国,经过几十年的发展,目
前已成为国际非常热门的先进的人力资源管理手段。国外对EAP的应用已经具备
相当规模,据统计已有80%以上的500强企业为其员工提供EAP服务,对员工进行
职业心理健康、压力情绪管理,以期提高员工和企业绩效。
从知网文献搜索情况来看,近年来国内学者对于EAP的关注程度迅速提高,
见图1.1。尤其是2006年以后,EAP更多的走进中国企业的视线,成为国内企业
现代化人力资源管理新趋势。
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