学校代码：10564学号：20182034004
分类号：F310密级：
中国农业全球价值链地位研究
林晓贤
指导教师：谭砚文教授
学院名称：经济管理学院
专业名称：农业经济管理
答辩委员会主席：钟文晶副教授
中国·广州
2021年6月
摘要
当前，中国参与国际分工和贸易的程度正在加深，产业结构正在加快调整。但是
中国参与农产品国际贸易受到多方面因素的制约，在全球分工中处于劣势。农产品国
际贸易分工越来越表现为基于全球价值链下的竞争优势分工，这就需要探究农业在全
球价值链中的发展现状和趋势，从而全面把握全球化背景下农业生产和贸易的机遇与
挑战。
本文通过文献梳理全球价值链相关概念、全球价值链地位相关分析方法、全球价
值链治理与升级方式、农业全球价值链等研究。在此基础上，基于WWZ 增加值分解
模型，使用OECD 国家间、产业间2005-2015年的投入产出数据，选取20个主要经
济体，分解其农业部门增加值，并比较2005与2015年主要经济体整体和区域农业部
门增加值结构特征与变化特征。进一步地，通过基于前向联系（生产者角度）与后向
联系（最终需求者角度）的全球价值链参与度、生产长度和全球价值链生产线位置相
关测算指标，比较中国与日本、印度、美国及其他主要经济体出口与进口角度下的全
球价值链参与程度、国内与国外生产环节、全球价值链位置的现状与变化。研究发现，
后向联系角度下，以发展中国家为主的亚洲、南美洲与发达国家占大部分的欧洲和北
美洲相比，增加值结构变化相反，出现“低端锁定”的迹象，欧洲发达国家农业部门
生产环节可能向部分发展中国家转移；中国农业部门增加值呈全面快速增长的发展态
势，参与全球价值链的增加值总量超越美国，其中简单生产活动（跨境生产1次）
和复杂生产活动（跨境生产2次以上）的增加值均高于所有主要经济体，中国简单
GVC 生产活动占比进一步提高，同时复杂GVC 生产活动比重下降，与日本等发达国
家的GVC 增加值结构的变化趋势相反。主要由于出口中间品的国内部分生产环节的
增加所带来的影响强于进口中间品的国外部分的增加，中国在全球价值链的位置向上
游变化，在2015年，中国处于全球价值链较上游，仅低于日本，高于其他参与比较
的主要经济体。
最后基于全球价值链升级理论模型，通过双向固定效应模型检验主要经济体农业
部门全球价值链位置的影响因素。结果表明，对外直接投资、人均耕地增加，全球价
值链位置往下游变化。根据上述结论，中国农业部门GVC 位置应向下游变化，提出增
加对存在跨境生产合作关系的发展中国家直接投资、推进发展适度规模经营等建议。
关键词：增加值；全球价值链位置；生产环节
I
Research on the status of China in agricultural global value chain
Lin Xiaoxian
(College of Economics and Management,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou,
510642,China)
Abstract:Abstract:At present，China's participation in international division of labor
and international trade is deepening,and its industrial structure is accelerating its
restructuring.However,China's participation in international trade of agricultural products
is restricted by many factors.The division of labor in agricultural products is more and
more manifested as the division of competitive advantages based on the global value chain,
which need to explore the development status and trend of agriculture in the global value
chain,so as to fully understand and grasp the opportunities and challenges of agricultural
production and trade under the background of globalization.
Based on the literature,this paper reviews the related concepts of global value chain,
as well as the related analysis methods of global value chain status,global value chain
governance and upgrading,agricultural global value chain and so on.On this basis,through
the WWZ value-added decomposition model,using the OECD inter industry input-output
data from 2005to 2015,this paper selects 20major economies to decompose their
agricultural sector value-added,and compares the structural characteristics and change
characteristics of the overall and intercontinental agricultural sector value-added of the
major economies in 2005and 2015.Furthermore,through the indicators of global value
chain participation,production length and global value chain production line location based
on forward linkages (producer perspective)and backward linkages (final demander
perspective),from the perspective of export and import,this paper compares the status quo
and changes of China's participation in global value chain,domestic and foreign production
links,and the position of global value chain with Japan,India,the United States and other
major economies.The results show that,compared with Europe and North America,where
developed countries account for the majority,Asia and South America,which are mainly
II
developing countries,have opposite changes in value-added structure,showing signs of
"low-end lock-in";The added value of China's agricultural sector is growing rapidly in an
all-round way.The total added value of participating in the global value chain exceeds that
of the United States.The added value of simple production activities (cross border
production once)and complex production activities (cross border production more than
twice)are higher than that of all major economies.The proportion of simple GVC
production activities in China has further increased,while the proportion of complex GVC
production activities has decreased,contrary to the change trend of GVC value-added
structure in developed countries such as Japan.In 2015,China's forward and backward
GVC participation was relatively low,and there was a further downward trend.China's
position in the global value chain has changed to the upstream mainly because the impact
of the increase of domestic production links of exporting intermediate goods is stronger
than the increase of foreign production links of importing intermediate goods.In 2015,
China was in the upstream of the global value chain,only lower than Japan,and higher
than all other major economies.China’s forward and backward GVC production chains are
relatively long,and complex GVC production chains may undergo chain upgrades.
Finally,based on the theoretical model of global value chain upgrading,this paper
tests the influencing factors of the position of global value chain in the agricultural sector
of major economies through the two-way fixed effect model.The results show that FDI and
per capita cultivated land increase,while the position of global value chain changes
downstream.According to the above conclusions,the position of GVC in China's
agricultural sector should be changed to the downstream,and suggestions are put forward
to appropriately increase the direct investment in developing countries with cross-border
production cooperation,and scientifically increase the per capita cultivated land area to
increase the proportion of land intensive products.
Key words:Value-added;The position of global value chain;Production link
III
目录
1引言.........................................................................................................1
1.1研究背景与意义...............................................................................1
1.1.1研究背景.....................................................................................1
1.1.2研究意义.....................................................................................2
1.1.3研究目的.....................................................................................2
1.2技术路线与研究方法.......................................................................3
1.2.1技术路线.....................................................................................3
1.2.2研究内容.....................................................................................4
1.2.3研究方法.....................................................................................4
1.2.4研究特色.....................................................................................5
2文献综述.................................................................................................5
2.1概念界定...........................................................................................5
2.2全球价值链地位分析方法..............................................................6
2.3全球价值链治理与升级...................................................................8
2.4农业全球价值链.............................................................................11
2.5文献述评.........................................................................................12
3中国与部分经济体农业增加值结构与变化......................................13
3.1理论基础.........................................................................................13
3.2WWZ 分解模型的构建...................................................................15
3.3数据说明.........................................................................................20
3.42005年中国与部分经济体农业增加值结构................................22
3.5中国与部分经济体农业增加值变化............................................33
3.62015年中国与部分经济体农业增加值结构................................41
3.7本章小结.........................................................................................55
4中国农业全球价值链地位..................................................................56
4.1指标说明.........................................................................................56
4.2全球价值链参与度.........................................................................62
4.3全球价值链生产长度.....................................................................70
4.4全球价值链生产线位置.................................................................83
4.5本章小结.........................................................................................88
5农业全球价值链地位的影响因素......................................................90
5.1影响机制.........................................................................................90
5.2理论模型.........................................................................................91
5.3实证分析.........................................................................................93