文本描述
新冠疫情对国际贸易类上市公司股票波动率的影响
摘
要
2019年 12月新型冠状病毒 COVID-19在中国爆发,引起了社会各界的关注。此次
重大公共卫生事件严重威胁着全球各国的经济发展与社会发展,在全球经济一体化的背
景下,疫情所产生的负面影响迅速传播开来,国际经济与贸易的发展持续放缓甚至倒退,
我国的国际贸易行业也蒙受巨大损失。
本文重点研究疫情的爆发对国际贸易类公司的影响,同时研究疫情冲击的传递机制,
以及受其他因素的影响情况。本文不仅从国贸类企业的角度还从投资者的角度出发进行
阐述与分析,有助于加强人们对此次疫情影响的认知,丰富了学术界对突发事件冲击内
在的传导机制的研究,对我国的经济发展与社会稳定有重要的意义。
实证研究中,本文以 2020年 1月 23日作为疫情爆发的时间点,以此构建双重查分
模型。以 2019年 1月 1日到 2020年 5月 19日中国沪深 A股上市公司的股票数据为研
究样本,使用股价日度数据作为主要数据集,采用双重差分模型来识别新冠疫情的爆发
对国际贸易类上市公司股票波动情况的影响,本文发现:武汉封城之后的国际贸易类上
市公司股票价格会出现剧烈的波动,即国际贸易类股票的波动率显著上升。
在探寻疫情冲击对国贸类股票冲击背后的基理时,本文从行为金融学理论出发,观
察投资者对此次重大突发事件的反应,使用基于结构方程模型的中介效应检测法来检验,
本文发现:疫情之后国贸类上市公司股票的换手率是传递疫情冲击的关键,疫情爆发是
通过影响国际贸易类上市公司的换手率来影响其波动率的,本文认为市场上风险偏好不
同的投资者会进行不同的操作,有的投资者会被恐慌情绪占据主导;而部分投机者对国
贸行业股票的未来依然看好,并趁机进行买入被低估国贸类股票的操作。即投资者对疫
情爆发的看法出现严重分歧,恐慌性抛售与投机性抄底使得国贸类股票价格剧烈波动。
更进一步地探寻疫情爆发通过投资者换手率影响国贸类股票波动率过程中受哪些
因素的影响,本文认为不同经营状况的公司所受影响不同,上市公司的股票价格过高或
营业利润相对较低时,其市盈率较高,此时投资者对于危机的敏感程度更大,其股票的
波动率也更高,即不同经营状况的国贸类上市公司所受影响是不同的,市盈率会对疫情
冲击的过程产生显著的调节作用,即市盈率越大的公司所承受的冲击越大。
另外,为探寻疫情爆发冲击力度的变化情况,本文进一步地对国贸类股票所受冲击
是否会逐渐减弱进行了检验:在武汉封城后一个月时,疫情所产生的负面影响会达到最
大,之后其冲击力度会随着时间推移而逐渐减小。另外,本文将国贸类上市公司是否涉
及金融业务进行分类,发现涉及金融业务的国贸类上市公司与不涉及金融业务的国贸类
上市公司股票变动情况不同;本研究又按照上市公司的股权性质将国贸类上市公司分为
非国有类企业与国有类企业,结果发现国有类国际贸易公司与非国有类国际贸易公司的
股票受疫情影响情况也是不同的。
I
摘
要
最后,本文结合理论研究与实证结果分析,对多方提出了建议:首先,对于国贸类
上市公司,应关注全球贸易环境的变化,注意突发风险的预防;更多的拓展运营渠道数
量,稳定上下游供应链与销售商,并积极预防突发事件造成的经营困境。对于投资者,
关注突发事件对特定行业造成的影响,挖掘所持股票等资产受冲击的来源,明确不同运
营状况的上市公司所受影响的差异性,结合自身的风险偏好对所持投资组合进行及时调
整。对于监管层和管理层,应关注、加强对重大突发风险的预防与管理,在突发事件后
要采取相应措施对市场情绪进行稳定,对不同的行业要进行不同程度的支持措施,加快
疫情后的复工复产进程,促进金融市场快速发展与稳定。
关键词:新冠疫情;双重差分;国际贸易;波动率;中介效应;调节效应
II
新冠疫情对国际贸易类上市公司股票波动率的影响
Abstract
The outbreak of New Coronavirus in China in December 2019 aroused the attention from
all sectors of society, this major public health event seriously threatens the economic and social
development of countries all over the world. Under the background of global economic
integration, the negative impact of the epidemic spread rapidly, the development of
international economy and trade continues to slow down or even regress, and China's
international trade industry has also suffered huge losses.
This thesis focuses on the impact of the outbreak of the epidemic on international trade
companies and studies the mechanism through which the impact of the epidemic is transmitted,
and considers whether the transmission mechanism is affected by other factors. This thesis not
only expounds and analyzes from the perspective of international trade enterprises, but also
from the perspective of investors, this research helps to strengthen people's understanding of
the epidemic’s impact, but also enriches the academic research on its internal transmission
mechanism, which has great significance to China's economic development and social stability.
In the empirical study part, this thesis takes the "closure of Wuhan City" in 2020 as the
agent of the epidemic outbreak, and constructs a quasi-natural experiment as an external impact.
Taking China's Listed Companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen A shares as research samples from
January 1, 2019 to May 19, 2020, using the daily data of stock price as the main data set, the
differences-in-differences model is used to identify the impact of COVID-19's outbreak on the
stock volatility of China's international trade companies. This thesis finds that: the stock prices
of international trade listed companies in Wuhan will fluctuate rapidly after the closure of the
city, the fact means that the volatility of international trading stocks increased significantly.
When exploring the rationale behind the impact of the epidemic on international trade stocks,
this thesis believes that investors with different risk preferences in the market will carry out
different operations, and the panic of some investors will dominate, while some speculators are
still optimistic about the future of international trade stocks and take the opportunity to buy
undervalued international trade stocks. In order to explore the underlying mechanism of stock
price fluctuation, this thesis starts from the behavioral finance theory, observes the response of
investors to this major emergency, and uses the mediating effect detection method based on
Structural Equation Model to test it.
This thesis also finds that after the epidemic, the stock turnover rate of international trade
companies is the key to transmitting the impact of the epidemic outbreak, and the epidemic
outbreak affects international trade companies’ volatility by affecting the turnover rate of them,
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