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MBA毕业论文_发达地区农户小额贷款信用评价指标体系构建PDF

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目前中国经济发展由高速发展转向高质量发展,目标在2020年实现消灭贫困 人口。农村金融作为农村经济的特殊资源,是我国金融体系的重要组成部分,在 保障农村社会经济生活稳定有序发展中起到重要作用。但我国欠发达地区小额信 贷存在信用评价风险防范不完善、信用评价管理技术落后等问题。形成此种的原 因是多方面的,其中我国农户信用体系建立不完善不可忽视。但地大物博的中国, 地区间巨大的差异在短时间内仍无法消除,要制定一套能广泛适用于农户小额信 贷信用评价的指标体系显然目前尚不具备基础,故欠发达地区农户信用等级评价 体系的构建呼吁更多的关注。 (1)本文在掌握相关文献及研究的基础上,了解我国当前精准扶贫进展,讨 论了金融扶贫对我国精准扶贫工作的支撑贡献。通过对我国欠发达地区涉农金融 机构行业发展现状及特点、小额信贷目前存在的问题与瓶颈等进行分析解读,剖 析了当前制约我国欠发达地区小额信贷发展的主要因素,提出亟需构建一套科学 统一、具有可操作性的农户信用等级评价指标体系。 (2)本文选取欠发达地区湟源县农商银行作为研究对象,通过分析其涉农信 贷业务发展现状及风险管理流程,发现其存在着涉农信贷占比大、不良率高,风 险识别误判率高、信息不对称情况严重,信贷产品单一、信用风险难分散,员工 专业素质偏低、违规操作现象普遍等问题。主要成因包括未形成健全的农户信用 等级评价指标体系,Ml:培训及考核制度不健全,缺乏创新活力与动力,缺乏风 险管理意识,以及人才引进难度人等原因。 (3)在借鉴前人研究基础上,文章选取农户基本结构特征、偿债能力、经营 状况、信誉状况及贫困状况五个方面共24项指标构建了欠发达地区农户信用等级 评价指标体系,并依托不确定层次分析法(UTAHP)确定各层级指标权重。通过 300位农户调研数据的实证表明,该指标体系误判率为〇.〇8,风险识别表现较优, 对于评价我国欠发达地区农户信用等级具有一定的现实指导意义。 最后针对提高欠发达地区小额信贷风险管理,从银行等金融机构视角出发, 分别就农户、员工及金融机构自身三个主体提出 “建立健全农户信用档案”、“完 善信用评级指标体系构建”、“加强对农户基本结构特征关注 ”、“关注欠发达 地区农户特性”、“提高人才选拔条件 ”、“健全人才引进机制”、“加强员工 I 技能培训”、“健全风险管理制度”、“推陈出新信贷产品”、“拓展多种合作 模式”等政策建议。 关键词:欠发达地区;小额贷款;风险管理;指标体系; II Abstract Atpresent,China'seconomicdevelopmenthasshiftedfromhigh-speed developmenttohigh-qualitydevelopment,andthegoalistoeliminatepovertyby2020. Asaspecialresourceofruraleconomy,ruralfinanceisanimportantpartofChina's financialsystemandplaysanimportantroleinensuringthestableandorderly developmentofruralsocialandeconomiclife.However,China'sruralfinancialsupport isweak,andcreditrationinginruralareasisinsufficient.Therearemanyreasonsfor this,amongwhichtheimperfectestablishmentofpeasanthouseholdcreditsystemin Chinacannotbeignored.However,inChina,acountrywithvastlandandabundant resources,hugeregionaldifferencescannotbeeliminatedinashortperiodoftime. Obviously,thereisnofoundationtodevelopasetofindicatorsystemthatcanbewidely appliedtothecreditevaluationofpeasanthouseholds1micro-credit,sotheconstruction ofthecreditratingevaluationsystemforpeasanthouseholdsinlessdevelopedareas callsformoreattention. (1)Onthebasisofmasteringrelevantliteratureandresearch,thispaper understandsthecurrentprogressoftargetedpovertyalleviationinChinaanddiscusses thesupportingcontributionoffinancialpovertyalleviationtotargetedpoverty alleviationinChina.InlessdevelopedareasinChinaindustrydevelopmentpresent situationandcharacteristicsoftheagriculturalfinancialinstitutions,thepresent problemsofthemicrofinanceandbottleneckanalysis,analyzesthecurrentrestriction themainfactorsforthedevelopmentofunderdevelopedregionsinmicrofmancein China,putforwardtheneedtobuildasetofscientific,operableevaluationindex systemofpeasanthouseholdcreditrating. (2)ThisarticleselectsMbankinlessdevelopedareasastheresearchobject, throughanalyzingthecurrentsituationofthedevelopmentofagriculturalcredit businessandriskmanagementprocesses,andfoundthattheexistenceoftheagricultural creditaccountedforbig,thedefectiverateishigh,highriskidentificationmisjudgment rate,severeasymmetricinformationsituation,creditproductsasingle,hardtodisperse, creditrisk,lowprofessionalqualityofstaffandalotofirregularities.Themaincauses includetheunsoundevaluationindexsystemoffarmers1creditrating,theunsoundstaff III trainingandassessmentsystem,thelackofinnovationvitalityandmotivation,thelack ofriskmanagementawareness,andthegreatdifficultyintalentintroduction. (3)Onthebasisofpreviousstudies,thispaperselected24indicatorsfromfive aspects,namely,farmers'basicstructuralcharacteristics,debtpayingability,operating status,reputationstatusandpovertystatus,tobuildanevaluationindexsystemof farmers'creditratinginunderdevelopedareas,anddeterminedtheindexweightsof eachlevelbyrelyingontheanalytichierarchyprocessofuncertainty(UTAHP).The empiricalresultsofthesurveydataof300peasanthouseholdsshowthatthe misjudgmentrateoftheindexsystemis0.08,andtheriskidentificationperformanceis excellent,whichhascertainpracticalguidingsignificancefortheevaluationofthe creditratingofpeasanthouseholdsinlessdevelopedareasinChina. Finallytoimprovemicrofmanceriskmanagementinlessdevelopedareas,from Banksandotherfinancialinstitutions,farmersandworkersandotherfinancial institutionsthem