I 摘要 伴随全球化进程和电子商务的加速发展，以及国内航空货运政策体系的逐步完善和 成熟，航空货运业的发展势头迅猛，潜力巨大,市场对航空货运产品的需求也与日俱增。 与航空货运的安全性高、时效性快的优势紧密相连的是其居高不下的营运成本和越来 越激烈的市场竞争。优化货物装载管理，提高装载率，是货运航空公司降低单位货物的 运营成本，提升企业竞争力，保持可持续发展必须考虑的重要方面。 本文以FD货运航空公司为例，针对FD公司亚太转运中心装载率不理想的现状， 运用质量驱动管理的原则和工具，分析FD公司在货物装载管理上存在的问题,并针对 性地提出优化货物装载管理的策略。通过对装载率和常用集装器装载重量的历史数据 的分析，以及在装载作业现场的观察，发现导致装载率低下的货物装载管理问题主要 集中在装载率指标缺乏指导意义、辅助装载设备配备不充分、装载人员的人力资源管 理不完善、装载容器的选择存在舱位浪费的现象、装载时间与追求航班准点率存在冲 突以及货物装载欠缺模型工具的指导等方面。针对这些问题，本文提出六个方面的优 化策略，它们包括：增加平均装载重量作为装载率的具体衡量指标，启用辅助装载设备 解决普遍存在的大型集装器和装载人员的高度差问题，从完善绩效考核标准和补充培 训两方面优化装载人员的人力资源管理，引入不同飞机机型的最优集装器组合作为日 常装载作业的要求，平衡不同航线的航班准点率为货物装载争取更多时间以及运用科 学的模型指导货物装载。 本文的研究是通过探究货物装载管理方面的问题针对性地提出对策，从航空公司的 舱位配载和舱位装载单元-集装器的装载质量入手，通过优化货物装载管理，一方面提 高装载人员对装载率的意识，培养有利于提升装载率的装载作业习惯，改善集装器的 装载质量，另一方面通过选择最优的集装器，平衡不同航线的准点率，应用模型工具指 导装载，为货物装载争取更多有效空间和时间，提供科学方法，优化货物装载，从而达 到提升装载率的目标。希望本文的研究对FD货运航空公司的其他有装载作业的子单 位有参考意义，对航空货运业的货物装载管理和装载率研究有一定的帮助。 关键词：航空货运；装载管理；优化策略；质量驱动管理；装载人员 广东工业大学硕士学位论文 II Abstract With the increasing development of globalization and e-commerce, together with the perfection and maturity of domestic air cargo policies, air cargo industry grows in a very rapid fashion and the market demand is increasing day by day. Cargo transportation by air has the advantages of security and timeliness, but it incurs high operational cost and big competition. Increasing aircraft load factor and making full use of cargo aircrafts’ space and allowable payload is vital for cargo airlines to maximize the utility of its valuable resource, grow business, reduce operational cost per package, upgrade competitiveness and sustain enterprise long-time development. This thesis, using FD Cargo Airline as an example, considering poor load factor performance of Asia-pacific Hub in FD, adopts Quality-driven Management principles to analyze cargo loading management issues, and puts forward the optimal strategies through historical data analysis of load factor and Unit Load Device (ULD) density as well as on-site observation. It’s concluded that cargo loading problems mainly concentrate in the areas of loading handlers, loading time and tools. In view of these problems, this paper proposes six optimization strategies, which include: increasing the average density as a specific indicator of the load factor, using auxiliary loading equipment to solve the ubiquitous problem of the height difference between big-sized ULDs and loading handlers, optimizing human resources management from perspectives of perfecting the performance measurements and additional training, the introduction of optimal ULD combination, balancing on-time performance of different flights to buy more time for cargo loading and deploying scientific model to guide loading. This study is targeted to improve flights load factor through better utilization of ULD and aircraft space by optimizing cargo loading management. On the one hand, ULD density is improved because of enhanced awareness and good loading habit of loading handlers; on the other hand, more space, time is secured with scientific tools by selecting the optimal ULDs, balancing on-time performance of different flights, and introduction of model tools. The improvement actions are taken from the perspective of management without incurring too much incremental cost or ground operational mode adjustments. Hopefully this study can be benchmarked by other ground handling stations of FD Cargo Airline and by other cargo airlines’ study on cargo loading and space utilization improvement. Key Words: Air Cargo; Loading Management; Optimization; QDM; Loading Handlers 目 录 III 目 录 摘要 ......................................................................................................................................... I Abstract .................................................................................................................................. II 目 录 ......................................................................................................................................III Contents ............................................................................................................................. IIIII 第一章 绪论 ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 研究背景与意义 ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1研究背景 .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1.2研究目的和意义 ...................................................................................................... 3 1.2国内外研究现状 ............................................................................................................ 4 1.3研究内容与方法 ............................................................................................................ 9 1.3.1研究内容 .................................................................................................................. 9 1.3.2研究方法 ................................................................................................................ 11 第二章 理论基础 .................................................................................................................. 12 2.1 航空货运装载管理 ..................................................................................................... 12 2.2 质量驱动管理理论 ..................................................................................................... 14 2.2.1 质量驱动管理理论介绍 ....................................................................................... 14 2.2.2 质量驱动管理六大基本原则 ............................................................................... 14 2.3 ABLE质量改善模型 ................................................................................................... 16 2.3.1 ABLE介绍 ............................................................................................................. 16 2.3.2 ABLE模型的四个阶段和常用辅助工具 ............................................................. 16 第三章 FD亚太转运中心货物装载管理现状 ................................................................... 18 3.1 亚太转运中心简介 ..................................................................................................... 18 3.2 转运中心货物装载管理现状 ..................................................................................... 19 3.3 转运中心货物装载表现影响因素 ............................................................................. 25 第四章 FD亚太转运中心货物装载管理问题分析 ........................................................... 27 4.1装载率指标对装载人员缺乏指导意义 ...................................................................... 27 4.2集装器辅助装载设备配备不足 .................................................................................. 32 4.3 装载人员的人力资源管理不完善 .............................................................................. 33 广东工业大学硕士学位论文 I