据不完全统计，目前在中国银行保险监督管理委员会注册备案的银行类金融 机构的数量己有四千五百多家。在这些金融机构中，四大国有商业银行、中小型 股份制商业银行、城市商业银行、农村信用社、外资银行及邮政储蓄银行在白热 化的竞争中群雄逐鹿。目前我国各类商业银行在探索中不断向前，各家银行的体 量和业绩屡创新高。在激烈的人才竞争中，国有银行流失了大量从业人员，特别 是高学历、中层干部、技术骨干等知识型员工的流失率正在逐年上涨。一些国有 商业银行的行长、高级客户经理和业务骨干等一大批知识型员工在高薪酬、高福 利、股份奖励等诱惑下纷纷跳槽到外资银行、中小型股份制商业银行和互联网金 融企业。 本文以农业银行S支行为研究对象，以问卷调查为手段，同时综合运用现代 企业管理理论与方法，从知识型员工管理的角度出发对该行的员工保留现状进行 深入的剖析和研究。本文从宏观环境、企业内部环境、知识型员工个人因素等三 方面入手，通过对农业银行S支行人力资源现状进行分析，探讨知识型员工流失 原因及影响；从显性和隐性两方面分析了知识型员工流失所带来的损失。在分析 银行知识型员工流失因素和损失的前提下，又从知识型员工管理的各角度提出了 完善薪酬福利制度、重视组织文化建设、完善民主管理制度、帮助员工自我实现 等保留知识型员工的策略。 关键词：国有商业银行；知识型员工；员工保留 2 Abstract AccordingtoChinaBankingandInsuranceRegulatoryCommission,thereare morethan4,500bankingandfinancialinstitutionsinChina.Amongthesefinancial institutionsarethefourmajorstate-ownedbanks,medium-andsmall-sized joint-stockbanks,urbancommercialbanks,ruralcreditcooperatives,foreignbanks andpostsavingsbanksthatareengagedinintensecompetitions.Presently,avariety ofcommercialbanksinChinahavemadeconsiderableachievementsinoperations anddevelopment,andrapidlyexpandedtheirsizesandcompetitiveness.However, state-ownedbanksinChinahavebeenexperiencingserioustalentturnoversinrecent years.Inparticular,theturnoverratesofknowledgeworkers,includinghighly educatedindividuals,middle-levelmanagersandbackboneprofessionals,havebeen risingoveryears.Themajorityofthesetalentshaveshiftedtheiremployersto foreignbanksandmedium-andsmall-sizedprivatejoint-stockbanksasthese institutionsusuallyofferlavishincentivessuchashighlevelsofcompensationand benefitsthatareappealingtoknowledgeworkersofstate-ownedcommercialbanks, includingchiefexecutives,seniorclientmanagersandbackboneprofessionals. Thispaperpresentsacasestudyofsub-branchbankSoftheAgriculturalBank ofChina,aquestionnairesurveyapproach,incombinationwithmodernenterprise managementtheoriesandmethodologies,isappliedtoconductanin-depthanalysis andresearchofcorporationmanagementfromtheperspectiveofknowledgeworker management.Byexploringthecurrenthumanresourcesstatus,causesofemployee turnoverandinfluencesofturnoverofthesub-branchbankS,thispaperanalyzesthe causesofknowledgeworkerturnoverfromthreeaspects,namely,macro-environment, internalorganizationalenvironmentandindividualknowledgeworkers;thelosses arisingfromknowledgeworkerturnoverarealsoanalyzedfromexplicitandimplicit perspectives.Afteranalyzingthefactorsandlossesassociatedwiththeturnoverof bankknowledgeworkers,thispaperfurtherproposesstrategiestoretainknowledge workersfromamanagementperspective，byimprovethesalaryandwelfaresystem, attachimportancetotheconstructionoforganizationalculture,improvethe democraticmanagementsystem,andhelpemployeesachieveself-realization. Keywords:State-ownedcommercialbank;Knowledge-workers; EmployeeRetention 3 目录 第1章绪论..........................................................................................................6 1.1研究背景、目的和意义.........................................................................6 1.1.1研究背景......................................................................................6 1.1.2研究目的和意义..........................................................................6 1.2文献综述..................................................................................................8 1.3研究内容、解决问题...........................................................................11 1.4研究方法...............................................................................................11 1.5研究创新点...........................................................................................12 第2章相关概念界定和理论基础....................................................................13 2.1知识型员工的概述...............................................................................13 2.1.1知识型员工界定.........................................................................13 2.1.2知识型员工特点........................................................................13 2.1.3知识型员工对组织的重要性....................................................14 2.2员工流失的相关理论...........................................................................14 2.2.1员工流失的概念........................................................................14 2.2.2马奇和西蒙模型........................................................................14 2.2.3普莱斯模型................................................................................14 2.2.4莫布雷中介链模型....................................................................14 2.2.5扩展的莫布雷模型....................................................................15 2.3激励与防止员工流失的相关理论.......................................................15 2.3.1有关激励的基本概念................................................................15 2.3.2马斯洛的五层次需要理论........................................................15 2.3.3麦克利兰的成就激励理论........................................................15 2.3.4亚当斯的公平理论....................................................................15 第3章农业银行S支行知识型员工流失现状与对公司的影响...................16 3.1农业银行S支行背景...........................................................................16 3.2农业银行S支行组织结构、员工构成...............................................16 3.2.1农业银行S支行组织结构........................................................16 3.2.2农业银行S支行员工构成........................................................16 3.3农业银行S支行知识型员工流失现状...............................................17 3.4知识型员工离职原因分析....................................................................18 3.4.1知识型员工激励不足................................................................18 3.4.2知识型员工流动较为频繁........................................................19 3.5知识型员工流失对S支行的不良影响...............................................19 4 3.5.1造成支行人力资本损失............................................................19 3.5.2降低支行核心竞争力................................................................19 3.5.3造成支行内部管理混乱............................................................19 3.5.4破坏支行形象............................................................................20 第4章农业银行S支行知识型员工问卷调查及分析...................................21 4.1调查目的及对象...................................................................................21 4.1.1调查目的....................................................................................21 4.1.2调查对象....................................................................................21 4.2问卷的设计、实施及控制...................................................................22 4.2.1调研步骤....................................................................................22 4.2.2问卷内容....................................................................................22 4.2.3问卷发放....................................................................................23 4.3问卷基本情况统计...............................................................................23 4.4问卷描述性统计分析...........................................................................24 4.4.1单位管理制度............................................................................24 4.4.2团队合作..................................................................................