随着我国啤酒行业不断整合，国内各啤酒企业已与国际啤酒跨国公司结成 联盟，兰州黄河股份有限公司作为西北地区的啤酒制作企业，面对激烈竞争环 境，不仅不能出现重大财务风险，还要持续改善经营能力，提高盈利能力，尽 早发现企业潜在的经营风险，并对已经暴露出的风险进行提前干预就显得极为 关键与紧迫。根据《2018年度证券审计市场分析报告》中上市公司年报审计意 见，83家上市公司被出具了带持续经营相关的重大不确定性事项段的审计报告， 82家上市公司被出具了保留意见的审计报告，保留意见所涉事项主要包括：资 产减值；关联方担保或资金占用等，在关键审计事项中，商誉减值为1,075项， 占比14.5%，从上市公司审计意见中可以看出大量上市公司暴露出的风险及财 务事项，可见对上市公司进行适时财务分析诊断有很大必要性。 本文在财务分析诊断及财务预警等相关理论指导下，对比分析了不同的财 务分析诊断方法的优点与局限性，选择兰州黄河股份有限公司（以下简称兰州 黄河）作为研究对象，采用财务指标分析及改进的功效系数法综合评价了兰州 黄河的经营状况。 在对兰州黄河股份有限公司基本情况进行概述后，从运营、盈利、偿债、 和发展能力四个方面，并选取同行业四家啤酒上市公司进行横向对比，挖掘问 题，给出相应对策建议。构建兰州黄河股份有限公司财务预警模型，通过SPSS 软件对财务预警评估指标进行相关性分析后确定财务预警评估指标体系；运用 改进的功效系数法，分析兰州黄河股份有限公司的财务状况，接着用兰州黄河 股份有限公司近5年的财务数据验证模型的有效性。根据兰州黄河股份有限公 司在投融资、筹资、运营等环节及公司的整体风险状况，结合公司实际，给出 相应的经营改善及风险防范对策。 关键词：兰州黄河，财务诊断，财务预警，功效系数法 MBA学位论文作者：白雪兰州黄河股份有限公司财务分析诊断报告研究 II RESEARCHONFINANCIALDIAGNOSISREPORTOF LANZHOUYELLOWRIVERCO.,LTD Abstract WiththecontinuousintegrationofChina'sbeerindustry,domesticbeerenterpriseshave formedanalliancewithinternationalbeermultinationalcompanies.LanzhouYellowRiverCo., Ltd.,asabeermakingenterpriseinthenorthwestregion,cannotonlyfacemajorfinancialrisks inthefaceoffiercecompetitionenvironment,butalsocontinuouslyimproveitsbusinessability, improveitsprofitability,andfindoutthepotentialbusinessrisksoftheenterpriseassoonas possibleItisveryimportantandurgenttointervenetheexposedriskinadvance.Accordingto theauditopinionsoftheannualreportofListedCompaniesinthe2018SecuritiesAuditMarket AnalysisReport,83listedcompanieshavebeenissuedauditreportswithmajoruncertainties relatedtocontinuousoperation,and82listedcompanieshavebeenissuedauditreportswith reservationopinions,whichmainlyinclude:impairmentofassets;guaranteeofrelatedpartiesor occupationoffunds,etc.,duringthecriticalreview.Amongtheaccountingitems,goodwill impairmentis1,075,accountingfor14.5%.Fromtheauditopinionsoflistedcompanies,wecan seethatalargenumberofrisksandfinancialmattersleakedbylistedcompanies,whichshows thatitisnecessarytomaketimelyfinancialanalysisanddiagnosisforlistedcompanies. Undertheguidanceofrelevanttheoriessuchasfinancialanalysisdiagnosisandriskearly warning,thispapercomparesandanalyzestheadvantagesandlimitationsofdifferentfinancial analysisdiagnosismethods,choosesLanzhouYellowRiverastheresearchobject,and comprehensivelyevaluatestheoperationstatusofLanzhouYellowRiverbyusingfinancial indexanalysisandimprovedefficacycoefficientmethod. AfteranoverviewofthebasicsituationofLanzhouYellowRiverCo.,Ltd.,fromfour aspectsofoperation,profitability,debtpaying,anddevelopmentability,fourbeerlisted companiesinthesameindustryareselectedforhorizontalcomparison,problemsareexcavated, andcorrespondingcountermeasuresandsuggestionsaregiven.Thefinancialriskearlywarning modelofLanzhouYellowRiverisconstructed,andtheriskassessmentindexsystemis determinedafterthecorrelationanalysisoftheriskassessmentindexbySPSSsoftware;the financialriskstatusofLanzhouYellowRiverisanalyzedbyusingtheimprovedefficacy MBA学位论文作者：白雪兰州黄河股份有限公司财务分析诊断报告研究 III coefficientmethod,andthenthevalidityofthemodelisverifiedbythefinancialdataofLanzhou YellowRiverinrecent5years.Accordingtotheinvestmentandfinancing,financing,operation andotherlinksofLanzhouYellowRiveraswellastheoverallrisksituationofthecompany,and incombinationwiththeactualsituationofthecompany,thecorrespondingoperational improvementandriskpreventioncountermeasuresaregiven. Keywords:LanzhouYellowRiver,financialdiagnosis,financialwarning,Efficacy CoefficientMethod MBA学位论文作者：白雪兰州黄河股份有限公司财务分析诊断报告研究 IV 目录 中文摘要......................................................................................................I Abstract....................................................................................................II 第一章绪论................................................................................................1 1.1研究背景及研究意义.....................................................................................1 1.1.1研究背景..............................................................................................1 1.1.2研究意义..............................................................................................2 1.2研究内容与研究问题.....................................................................................3 1.2.1研究内容..............................................................................................3 1.2.2研究问题..............................................................................................4 1.3研究方法与论文结构.....................................................................................4 1.3.1研究方法..............................................................................................4 1.3.2论文结构..............................................................................................5 第二章财务诊断相关理论概述...............................................................7 2.1财务诊断理论的定义和内容.........................................................................7 2.1.1财务诊断的定义..................................................................................7 2.1.2财务诊断的内容..................................................................................8 2.1.3财务诊断的流程................................................................................10 2.2财务诊断相关理论.......................................................................................10 2.2.1财务诊断基础理论............................................................................10 2.2.2定性诊断分析方法............................................................................11 2.2.3定量诊断分析方法............................................................................11 2.3财务诊断国内外研究情况...........................................................................12 2.3.1国内研究情况....................................................................................12 2.3.2国外研究情况....................................................................................13 2.3.3国内外研究情况评述........................................................................14 第三章兰州黄河财务现状.....................................................................15 MBA学位论文作者：白雪兰州黄河股份有限公司财务分析诊断报告研究 V 3.1兰州黄河基本情况.......................................................................................15 3.1.1基本情况............................................................................................15 3.1.2业务状况............................................................................................15 3.1.3员工状况............................................................................................15 3.2兰州黄河财务现状.......................................................................................16 3.2.1兰州黄河主要财务指标....................................................................16 3.2.2兰州黄河资产负债情况....................................................................16 3.2.3兰州黄河经营业绩情况....................................................................17 3.2.4兰州黄河现金流量情况....................................................................17 3.3兰州黄河经营环境分析.........