在我国基础设施建设投资放缓的大背景下，我国建筑施工企业面对的市场 竞争压力越来越大。企业逐渐认识到，要在激烈的市场竞争环境生存发展，需 要不断提高管理水平，降低建筑施工成本，最大限度压缩库存，提高企业的流 动性。但是，国内建筑施工企业库存管理模式依然很粗放，建筑材料费用占工 程总造价比例高，造成我国建筑企业普遍存在库存成本高的现象。所以，如何 才能有效的降低建筑材料成本，提高成本控制水平，进而扩充企业的盈利空间， 这一问题深深的困扰着建筑企业的管理者们。 论文首先归纳了建筑施工企业库存管理方面的研究成果，在充分考虑工程 建设特征的基础上，提出有效的优化方案。通过对中铁六局广州公司库存管理 现状予以分析，指出了中铁六局广州公司库存管理所存在的一些问题。其主要 表现在库存量居高不下、库存周转率低、库存可供应天数少和库存管理信息化 应用低等，文章分析了原因，提出了优化目标和优化思路，通过优化库存管理 流程、对库存材料科学分类、建立主要材料库存管理模式、优化主要材料供应 商选择、协同供应链平台系统和 ERP 改善了企业库存指标。并将该优化方案以 南沙港铁路项目为具体实例进行试应用，检验了优化方案的可行性。试应用的 结果表明，该研究获得的中铁六局广州公司库存管理优化方案能够改善企业资 金使用效率，为企业创造经济效益。 论文意义在于通过研究提高中铁六局广州公司库存和供应链管理水平，同 时为同类型企业库存管理提供参考，具有一定实用价值。 关键词：建筑企业，库存管理，联合库存模型兰州大学硕士学位论文 中铁六局广州公司库存管理优化研究 III RESEARCH ON INVENTORY MANAGEMENT OPTIMIZATION OF GUANGZHOU COMPANY OF CHINA RAILWAY SIXTH GROUP CO., LTD. Abstract In the context of slowing investment in infrastructure construction in China, the construction enterprises are facing increasing market competition pressure. They gradually realized that they need to continuously improve the management level, reduce the construction cost and the inventory to the maximum extent, and improve the liquidity of enterprises in order to survive and develop in the fierce market competition. However, the inventory management model of domestic construction enterprises is still very extensive, and the cost of building materials accounts for a high proportion of the total project cost, resulting in high inventory cost in China's construction enterprises. Therefore, it is the key factor to control the cost of enterprises on whether the inventory cost of building materials for engineering projects can be properly controlled, which is directly related to the profitability of construction enterprises. This paper summarized the relevant basic theories of inventory management of construction projects, and carried out the optimization program of inventory management of construction projects combined with the characteristics of engineering construction. Based on the research on the inventory management and the specific situation of Guangzhou Company of China Railway Sixth Group Co., Ltd., this paper pointed out some problems existing in the inventory management. It was mainly manifested in high inventory, low inventory turnover rate, less days of inventory supply and low application of inventory management informatization. This paper analyzed the reasons and put forward the optimization objectives and ideas. The inventory index was improved by optimizing the inventory management process, scientifically classifying the inventory materials, establishing the inventory management model of main materials, optimizing the selection of main material兰州大学硕士学位论文 中铁六局广州公司库存管理优化研究 IV suppliers, and cooperating with the supply chain platform system and ERP. In the optimization program, Nansha Port Railway Project was taken as a specific example for trial application, which verified the feasibility of the optimization program. The results of the trial application show that the inventory management optimization program of Guangzhou Company of China Railway Sixth Group Co., Ltd. obtained in this study can improve the efficiency of enterprise capital use and create economic benefits for enterprises. The significance of this paper lies in improving the inventory and supply chain management level of Guangzhou Company of China Railway Sixth Group Co., Ltd., and providing reference for inventory management of the same type of enterprises, which has certain practical value. Keywords:Construction enterprise, inventory management, Jointly managed inventory兰州大学硕士学位论文 中铁六局广州公司库存管理优化研究 V 目 录 中文摘要.......................................................................................................................II Abstract........................................................................................................................ III 第一章 绪论................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景与意义..............................................................................................1 1.1.1 研究背景................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 研究意义................................................................................................... 1 1.2 研究内容与方法..............................................................................................2 1.2.1 研究内容与框架....................................................................................... 2 1.2.2 研究方法与工具....................................................................................... 4 第二章 建筑施工项目库存管理相关理论与研究现状............................................5 2.1 库存管理概述..................................................................................................5 2.1.1 库存的构成与特点................................................................................... 5 2.1.2 库存管理的概念....................................................................................... 5 2.1.3 库存管理的必要性................................................................................... 6 2.1.4 库存管理的评价指标............................................................................... 6 2.1.5 库存管理的目标....................................................................................... 6 2.2 国内外研究现状..............................................................................................7 2.2.1 国外研究状况........................................................................................... 7 2.2.2 国内研究状况........................................................................................... 8 2.2.3 研究存在的主要问题和解决办法........................................................... 9 2.3 建筑企业库存管理相关方法..........................................................................9 2.3.1ABC 分类法............................................................................................... 9 2.3.2 经济批量订货模型（EOQ 模型）.........................................................10 2.3.3 供应链库存管理方法.............................................................................. 12 2.3.4 动态库存管理方法.................................................................................. 14兰州大学硕士学位论文 中铁六局广州公司库存管理优化研究 VI 第三章 中铁六局广州公司库存管理现状分析...................................15 3.1 中铁六局广州公司概况................................................................................15 3.2 中铁六局广州公司库存管理现状.................................................................16 3.2.1 采购管理机构.......................................................................................... 16 3.2.2 采购物资分类.......................................................................................... 17 3.2.3 采购方式.................................................................................................. 17 3.2.4 供应商管理.............................................................................................. 17 3.2.5 存货管理现状.......................................................................................... 18 3.3 中铁六局广州公司库存管理相关指标与标杆企业的差距分析................18 3.3.1 存货的资金占用量分析......................................................................... 18 3.3.2 存货的周转指标与中铁四局五公司相关指标比较情况..................... 20 3.3.3 存货平均可供应天数与中铁四局五公司相关指标比较情况............. 21 3.4 采购管理存在问题及其原因分析................................................................21 3.4.1 采购物料的分类方法不合理.................................................................. 22 3.4.2 采购管理策略不清晰.............................................................................. 23 3.4.3 供应商管理不科学.................................................................................. 23 3.5 物料管理存在问题及其原因分析................................................................23 3.5.1 物料管理流程不合理与制度不健全...................................................... 24 3.5.2 仓库管理流程不规范.............................................................................. 25 3.5.3 库存管理信息化程度低。...................................................................... 25 第四章 中铁六局广州公司库存管理优化方案设计.......................... 26 4.1 优化目标和优化思路....................................................................................26 4.1.1 优化目标................................................................................................. 26 4.1.2 优化思路................................................................................................. 26 4.2 优化库存管理流程........................................................................................27 4.2.1 库存管理业务流程的优化...................................................................... 27兰州大学硕士学位论文 中铁六局广州公司库存管理优化研究 VII 4.2.2 物料计划流程的优化.............................................................................. 29 4.2.3 供应商管理流程的优化.......................................................................... 31 4.2.4 物资采购流程的优化............................................................................. 34 4.2.5 物资验收流程的优化............................................................................. 37 4.3 优化库存材料的分类管理..........................................................................40 4.4 优化供应商选择.............................................................................................41 4.4.1 构建模型指标与打分系统...................................................................... 41 4.4.2 构建评价指标的权重集.......................................................................... 43 4.4.3 选择最优供应商...................................................................................... 43 4.5 建立联合库存机制........................................................................................43 4.5.1 假设条件与符号的设定.......................................................................... 44 4.5.2 实施联合库存管理模型的方法及分析................................................. 44 4.6.协同供应链平台系统和 ERP 优化库存管理................................................49 第五章 库存管理优化方案在南沙港铁路项目的实例研究..............51 5.1 南沙港铁路项目基本概况............................................................................51 5.2 库存分类管理在南沙港铁路项目中的试应用.............................................51 5.3 供应商选择模型在南沙港铁路项目中的试应用........................................53 5.4 联合库存模型在南沙港铁路项目中的试应用.............................................56 5.5 项目整体优化效果分析................................................................................58 5.5.1 库存水平降低......................................................................................... 58 5.5.2 库存周转率改善..................................................................................... 59 5.5.3 仓储能力提升......................................................................................... 60 5.5.4 可供应天数增加..................................................................................... 61 第六章 总结与展望...............................................................................62 6.1 研究总结......................................................................................................62 6.2 研究展望......................................................................................................62兰州大学硕士学位论文 中铁六局广州公司库存管理优化研究 VIII