当前我国经济增速放缓，银行业风险逐步浮现，银行风险管理的压力与日俱 增。其中农村商业银行由于改制时间短、规模小、业务区域集中等特点，风险管 理能力偏弱，面临的风险挑战尤为严峻。农村商业银行发放的各类贷款中，又以 涉农贷款风险最为突出。涉农贷款一般具有贷款利率低、授信金额小、用信期限 短、风险防控难等特点，在经济下行时，它的抗风险能力相对更弱。因此，涉农 贷款风险管理已经成为农村商业银行风险管理的重头戏。 本文以信息不对称理论和风险管理理论为理论基础，通过文献研究法、访谈 法、比较分析法等研究方法，对 XX 农商行涉农贷款风险及其风险管理进行了研 究。论文由五部分构成：第一部分阐述了论文选题的背景和研究的意义，简述了 国内外有关商业银行特别是农商银行涉农贷款风险管理的相关文献。第二部分阐 明了论文有关的主要概念，如涉农贷款、风险管理等，采用的主要理论为风险管 理理论和信息不对称理论。第三部分分析了 XX 农村商业银行涉农贷款风险管理 现状。本文以 XX 农村商业银行的基本概况为起点，由外而内逐步深入，先后分 析了该行涉农贷款规模、特点、风险状况以及在涉农贷款风险管理方面的主要措 施。第四部分总结了 XX 农村商业银行在涉农贷款风险管理方面存在的问题，并 剖析了问题背后的原因。论文研究发现，虽然 XX 农村商业银行把风险管理放在 了重要位置，采取了一系列举措，但是风险成效仍有很大的提升空间，特别是在 风险防范、风险预警、风险处置方面还有不足。而造成这种现象的主要原因是其 风险管理的组织结构、体系设计、方法手段、人才队伍和风险管理文化建设相对 滞后。第五部分针对 XX 农村商业银行风险管理的问题提出了解决建议，主要是 完善涉农贷款风险管理的组织机构、科学构建涉农贷款风险评估体系、创新涉农 贷款风险管理的手段和方法、加强人才队伍建设和风险文化建设。 本文认为改进 XX 农商行涉农贷款风险管理，需要建立全面有效的涉农风险 管理组织机构，充分发挥董事会、高级管理层对风险管理的指导，强化、整合涉 农金融部，从而避免风险管理职责的混乱和重复。其次，应确定对每项活动负有 主要责任的职能岗位，同时限制不同部门各自为政、造成资源浪费。再者，需要 科学合理构建涉农贷款风险评估体系，加强对行业环境的指标分析，强化企业自 身素质和企业主要经营管理人员素质的分析评价，探索运用指标分析法、专家意 见法、风险树搜寻法等方法对信贷风险进行评估。另外，需要创新涉农贷款风险 管理手段，引入保险和再保险、为贷款抵押物投保、委外清收、押品快速处置等 方式处置不良资产，同时充分发挥金融科技在风险管理中的作用。最后，需要加III 强风险管理文化和人才队伍建设，树立先进的风险管理文化理念，避免风险文化 沦为“政治口号”，建立系统性的培训机制，细化考核推动业务转型发展。 关键词：农村商业银行；涉农贷款；风险管理IV ABSTRACT At present, the economic growth of our country is slowing down, the risk of banking industry gradually emerges, and the pressure of bank risk management is increasing day by day. Because of the characteristics of short restructuring time, small scale and concentrated business area, the risk management ability of rural commercial banks is weak. Therefore, the risks and challenges faced by rural commercial Banks are particularly severe. Among all kinds of loans issued by rural commercial banks, the risk of agriculture related loans is the most prominent. Generally, agricultural related loans have the characteristics of low interest rate, small amount, short term and high risk. When the economy goes down, they often suffer more impact. Therefore, the risk management of agriculture related loans has become the most important part of the risk management of rural commercial banks. Based on the theory of information asymmetry and risk management, this paper uses the methods of literature research, interview, case analysis and comparative analysis to study the risk and risk management of agriculture related loans of XX Rural Commercial Bank. The paper consists of five parts: the first part describes the background and the significance of the research, and reviews the research literature about the risk management of agriculture related loans of commercial banks at home and abroad. The second part expounds the main concepts of the paper, such as agriculture related loans, risk management, etc. the main theories adopted are risk management theory and asymmetric information theory. The third part analyzes the risk management status of XX rural commercial bank's agriculture related loan. Based on the general situation of XX rural commercial bank, this paper analyzes the scale, characteristics, risk situation and main measures of risk management of agriculture related loans. The fourth part summarizes the problems of XX rural commercial bank in the risk management of agriculture related loans and analyzes the reasons behind the problems. The paper found that although XX rural commercial bank put risk management in an important position and took a series of measures, there is still a lot of room for improvement, especially in risk prevention, risk early warning and risk disposal. The main reason behind this is that the organizational structure, system design, methods and means, talent team and risk management culture of risk management are relatively backward. The fifth part puts forward the corresponding suggestions for the reasons behind the insufficient risk management of XX rural commercial bank, which are mainly to improve the organization of agriculture related loan risk management,V scientifically build the agriculture related loan risk assessment system, innovate the means and methods of agriculture related loan risk management, strengthen the construction of talent team and risk culture. This paper holds that to improve the risk management of agriculture related loans of XX Rural Commercial Bank, it is necessary to establish an effective agricultural risk management organization, give full play to the guidance of the board of directors and senior management on risk management, Strengthen and integrate the agriculture related finance department. In order to avoid the confusion and repetition of risk management responsibilities, we should determine the functional posts that are mainly responsible for each activity, and at the same time limit different departments to act independently and cause waste of resources. We need to build a scientific and reasonable risk assessment system for agriculture related loans, add analysis on industry environmental indicators, add evaluation and Analysis on the quality of the enterprise itself and the quality of the person in charge of the enterprise, and explore various risk assessment methods such as index analysis method, expert opinion method and risk tree search method. It is necessary to innovate the risk management means of agriculture related loans, introduce insurance and reinsurance, insure the loan collateral, try to dispose the non-performing assets by means of outsourcing collection and quick disposal of collateral, and give full play to the role of financial technology in risk management. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of risk management culture and talent team, establish advanced risk management culture concept, avoid risk culture becoming "political slogan", establish systematic training mechanism, refine assessment and promote business transformation and development. Key words: Rural commercial bank; Agriculture related loan; Risk management1 目 录 第一章 绪论.....................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景及意义................................................................................................1 1.1.1 研究背景.................................................................................................1 1.1.2 研究意义.................................................................................................1 1.2 国内外研究综述................................................................................................2 1.2.1 国外文献综述.........................................................................................2 1.2.2 国内文献综述.........................................................................................3 1.2.3 文献述评.................................................................................................6 1.3 研究内容和方法................................................................................................6 1.3.1 研究方法.................................................................................................6 1.3.2 研究技术路线.........................................................................................6 1.4 本章小结............................................................................................................7 第二章 涉农贷款风险管理相关概念及理论基础.........................................................9 2.1 涉农贷款风险相关概念....................................................................................9 2.1.1 涉农贷款.................................................................................................9 2.1.2 贷款风险.................................................................................................9 2.1.3 风险管理...............................................................................................10 2.2 涉农贷款风险主要类型及特征......................................................................10 2.2.1 涉农贷款风险主要类型.......................................................................10 2.2.2 涉农贷款风险主要特征....................................................................... 11 2.3 相关理论..........................................................................................................12 2.3.1 信息不对称理论...................................................................................12 2.3.2 风险管理理论.......................................................................................12 2.4 本章小结..........................................................................................................13 第三章 XX 农商行涉农贷款风险管理现状................................................................ 14 3.1 XX 农商行基本概况........................................................................................ 14 3.1.1 XX 农商行发展现状............................................................................. 14 3.1.2 XX 农商行涉农贷款基本情况............................................................. 15 3.2 XX 农商行涉农贷款风险情况........................................................................ 17 3.2.1 XX 农商行涉农贷款风险状况............................................................. 17 3.2.2 XX 农商行涉农贷款风险来源............................................................. 20 3.3 XX 农商行涉农贷款风险管理基本情况........................................................ 212 3.3.1 XX 农商行涉农贷款风险管理的组织架构......................................... 21 3.3.2 XX 农商行涉农贷款风险管理的制度................................................. 22 3.3.3 XX 农商行涉农贷款风险管理的流程................................................. 22 3.3.4 XX 农商行涉农贷款风险管理的具体策略......................................... 23 3.4 本章小结..........................................................................................................24 第四章 XX 农商行涉农贷款风险管理存在的问题及原因........................................ 25 4.1 XX 农商行涉农贷款风险管理存在的问题.................................................... 25 4.1.1 风险识别不准.......................................................................................25 4.1.2 风险控制低效.......................................................................................26 4.1.3 风险处置乏力.......................................................................................27 4.2 XX 农商行涉农企业贷款风险管理问题的成因............................................ 27 4.2.1 风险管理组织架构不完善...................................................................27 4.2.2 风险评估体系设计不科学...................................................................28 4.2.3 风险管理手段相对落后.......................................................................28 4.2.4 风险管理人才以及风险文化培育不足...............................................29 4.3 本章小结..........................................................................................................30 第五章 完善 XX 农商行涉农贷款风险管理的建议................................................... 31 5.1 提高涉农贷款风险识别能力..........................................................................31 5.2 完善涉农贷款风险评价体系..........................................................................32 5.3 创新涉农贷款风险控制模式..........................................................................33 5.4 丰富涉农贷款风险处置手段..........................................................................34 5.5 本章小节..........................................................................................................35 研究结论及展望.............................................................................................................36。。。。。。以下内容略