自20世纪五十年代以来，全球经济从第二次世界大战的破坏中恢复并开始 快速发展的同时，洗钱犯罪活动开始向不同经济领域和国家扩散。我国自改革开 放以来，在对外开放程度和经济发展水平不断提高的同时，洗钱犯罪对我国金融 行业的危害也逐渐加深，对我国经济的健康发展造成了破坏。反洗钱是打击洗钱 犯罪活动的有力武器，对于维护金融体系稳健运行和保卫中国金融安全具有非常 重要的意义。在日益严峻的国内外反洗钱情势下，反洗钱监管要求越来越高，压 力和挑战也将越来越大。农商银行作为遍布城乡面对最基层的金融机构，也面临 着较为严峻的反洗钱形势，构建一个较为完善的反洗钱管理体系且良好运行，对 于农商银行加强反洗钱工作显得至关重要。 本文首先对洗钱、反洗钱相关概念进行界定，并介绍了反洗钱管理组织架构、 反洗钱管理体系构成、商业银行反洗钱系统建设等商业银行反洗钱管理的具体内 容，之后以JX农商银行为研究对象，对其反洗钱管理体系的现状进行深入研究 分析，简述了JX农商银行概况，并对JX农商行反洗钱组织架构建设、反洗钱体 系构成，以及目前反洗钱管理体系运行效果进行了介绍。通过收集反洗钱管理调 查问卷，分析总结了反洗钱管理体系运行存在的问题，如内部工作机制有待完善、 风险控制体系不够健全、日常工作不细致、反洗钱系统功能不完善、内部审计监 督不够深入。针对JX农商银行反洗钱管理体系问题进行了原因分析，主要有重 视程度仍然不足、合规意识有待加强，人员力量相对薄弱、培训考核落实不力， 部门合力仍未形成、工作成效不够充分，系统更新有所滞后、系统效能存在不足， 审计监督内容不全、检查效果不够理想等。结合农商银行反洗钱管理体系具体内 容，提出了JX农商银行反洗钱管理体系优化建议，诸如统一思想认识，搭建完 善的组织管理架构；完善流程管理，建立有效的内控制度体系；合理配置资源， 构建健全的工作长效机制；强化风险管理，提升高效的信息管控能力；加强监督 指导，落实严格的考核奖惩制度。 通过本文反洗钱的研究旨在促进JX农商银行能够进一步完善反洗钱管理机 制和体系，有效推动反洗钱工作的开展，不断提高反洗钱管理工作水平，进而维 护农商银行的稳健发展。 关键词：农商银行；反洗钱；管理体系；优化 II Abstract With the development of economic globalization, money laundering crimes are becoming more and more rampant. Money laundering crimes not only affect the healthy development of the financial industry, but also seriously undermine the economic order of our country. Strengthening anti-money laundering is not only a weapon to combat drug trafficking, corruption and other criminal activities, but also has important significance for ensuring national financial security, maintaining the stable operation of the financial system, reducing bank operating risks, and deepening the reform of the banking system. In the increasingly complex international and domestic anti-money laundering situation, anti-money laundering regulatory requirements are getting higher and higher, and pressures and challenges will also become greater. Rural Commercial Bank, as the most basic-level financial institution, has arduous tasks in anti-money laundering. A sound anti-money laundering management system and its operation are very important for the Rural Commercial Bank to strengthen its anti-money laundering work. This article first defines the related concepts of money laundering and anti-money laundering, and introduces the specific content of anti-money laundering management of commercial banks, such as the organizational structure of anti-money laundering management, the composition of anti-money laundering management system, and the construction of anti-money laundering system of commercial banks. The research object conducts in-depth research and analysis on the status quo of its anti-money laundering management system, briefly describes the general situation of JX Rural Commercial Bank, and analyzes the construction of JX Rural Commercial Bank’s anti-money laundering organizational structure, composition of anti-money laundering system, and current anti-money laundering management system operational effects Introduced. Through the collection of anti-money laundering management questionnaires, analysis and summary of the existing problems in the operation of the anti-money laundering management system, such as the internal working mechanism to be improved, the risk control system is not sound enough, the daily work is not meticulous, the anti-money laundering system function is not perfect, and the internal audit supervision is not deep enough . The reasons for the anti-money laundering management system of JX Rural Commercial Bank are analyzed. The main reasons are that the level of attention is still insufficient, the awareness of III compliance needs to be strengthened, the staff strength is relatively weak, the training and evaluation are not implemented well, the departmental force has not yet formed, the work effect is not sufficient, and the system Updates are lagging, system effectiveness is insufficient, audit and supervision content is incomplete, and inspection results are not satisfactory. Combining the specific content of the anti-money laundering management system of Rural Commercial Bank, we put forward suggestions for optimizing the anti-money laundering management system of JX Rural Commercial Bank, such as unifying thinking and understanding, establishing a sound organizational management structure; improving process management, establishing an effective internal control system; rationally allocating resources , Build a sound and long-term work mechanism; strengthen risk management, improve efficient information management and control capabilities; strengthen supervision and guidance, and implement a strict evaluation, reward and punishment system. Through anti-money laundering, the research in this article aims to promote JX Rural Commercial Bank to further improve the anti-money laundering management mechanism and system, effectively promote the development of anti-money laundering work, continuously improve the level of anti-money laundering management, and then maintain the steady development of rural commercial bank. Key-words: Rural commercial bank; anti-money laundering;management system; optimization IV 目录 1 绪论.............................................................. 1 1.1 研究背景 .................................................... 1 1.2 研究意义 .................................................... 2 1.2.1 理论意义............................................... 2 1.2.2 实践价值............................................... 2 1.3 文献综述 .................................................... 2 1.3.1 国内研究现状........................................... 2 1.3.2 国外研究现状........................................... 4 1.3.3 文献述评............................................... 6 1.4 研究内容与方法 .............................................. 6 1.4.1 研究内容............................................... 6 1.4.2 研究方法............................................... 7 2 商业银行反洗钱的理论基础.......................................... 8 2.1 洗钱与反洗钱的概念 .......................................... 8 2.1.1 洗钱的基本含义与危害................................... 8 2.1.2 反洗钱的基本定义与意义................................. 8 2.2 商业银行反洗钱管理 .......................................... 9 2.2.1 反洗钱管理组织架构..................................... 9 2.2.2 反洗钱管理体系构成.................................... 11 2.2.3 反洗钱系统建设........................................ 14 3 JX农商银行反洗钱管理体系的现状 .................................. 16 3.1 JX农商银行概况............................................. 16 3.2 JX农商银行反洗钱组织架构................................... 16 3.3 JX农商银行反洗钱管理体系................................... 18 3.3.1 反洗钱内控制度体系.................................... 18 3.3.2 反洗钱内部监督体系.................................... 22 3.3.3 反洗钱内部考核体系.................................... 23 3.4 JX农商银行反洗钱管理运行效果............................... 23 4 JX农商银行反洗钱管理体系存在的问题及原因分析 .................... 24 4.1 JX农商银行反洗钱调查问卷分析............................... 24 4.2 反洗钱管理体系运行存在的问题 ............................... 26 4.2.1 反洗钱内部工作机制有