随着物联网技术体系的不断进步、硬件接口的标准化以及物联网产业政策的密集推出， 物联网产业生态的布局迎来了关键窗口期。据权威机构预测，2020 年物联网将达到数百亿的 连接量（蜂窝连接约占 25%）和万亿美元的产业规模。物联网应用领域的不断拓宽和应用维 度的不断深入也为运营商的发展带来了新的契机。由于物联网业务的产业链和价值链丰富， 运营商当下的商业模式还是以通道为主，不是产业链主导地位，且通道业务产生的价值较低。 基于以上现状，本文首先阐述了物联网理论、NB-IoT 技术以及商业模式理论，为后文全 面分析物联网商业模式打下了理论基础；其次，本文运用 SWOT 分析法，从外因和内因两个 角度，分析了当前 L 市电信分公司物联网商业模式的特征及存在的问题；再次，在研究分析 NB-IoT 对于物联网商业模式的影响的基础上，本文运用奥斯特瓦尔德商业模式画布模型，构 建了运营商物联网商业模式评价框架，提出了运营商物联网商业模式评价指标，运用层次分 析法和模糊综合评价法建立了运营商物联网商业模式评价体系。最后，针对 L 市电信分公司， 本文通过问卷调查法，获取各项评价指标得分，对 L 市电信分公司物联网商业模式进行综合 评价。基于综合评价总分以及各分项得分的分析，本文总结了 L 市电信运营商物联网商业模 式存在的问题，主要有产业链聚合度较低、通道业务占比过高等。在此基础上，本文提出了 相应的改进策略，以更好地适应 NB-IoT 市场。 关键词: 物联网，NB-IoT，运营商，商业模式，商业模式画布II Abstract With the continued advance of IoTtechnology and intensive release of government policies about IoT industry, the layout of IoT industrial ecology has ushered in a critical period. According to the prediction of authoritative institutions, the Intenet of Things will reach tens of billions of connections (about 25% for cellular connections) and a trillion-dollar industry by 2020.The continuous expansion of the Internet of Things application field and the deepening of the application dimension also bring new opportunities for the development of operators. Due to the complex industrial chain of IoT, the current business model of telecom operators is still confined to data transmission channel. The telecom operators have not occupied the dominant presence in IoT market, and the earning generated by data transmission is quite low. Based on the above situation, this paper first elaborated the Internet of Things theory, NB-IoT technology and business model theory, laying a theoretical foundation for the comprehensive analysis of the Internet of things business model. Secondly, this paper uses SWOT analysis method to analyze the characteristics and existing problems of the current Internet of Things business model of L City Telecom Branch from the perspective of external and internal factors. Thirdly, based on the analysis oftheimpact ofNB-IoTonthebusiness modeloftheInternet ofThings, this paperuses theOsterwald business model canvas model to construct the evaluation framework of the operator's IoT business model, and proposes the operator's IoTbusiness model evaluation index.Again, this paper establishes the evaluation system of operators' IoT business model by using Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method. Finally, aiming at the telecom branch of Lcity, this paper obtains scores of various evaluation indexes through questionnaire survey, and comprehensively evaluates the Internet of things business model of the telecom branch of L city. Based on the analysis of the total score of the comprehensive evaluation and the scores of each sub-item, this paper summarizes the problems existing in the IoT business model of L city telecom operators, mainly including low degree of industrial chain convergence and high proportion of channel business. On this basis, this paper proposes corresponding improvement strategies to better adapt to NB-IoT market. Key words: Internet of Things, NB-IoT, telecom operator, business model, business model canvasIII 目录 第一章 绪论............................................................................................................................................................. 1 研究背景.................................................................................................................................................... 1 研究意义.................................................................................................................................................... 2 文献综述.................................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3.1 商业模式文献综述 ......................................................................................................................... 2 1.3.2 物联网商业模式文献综述 ............................................................................................................. 3 1.3.3 NB-IoT 对物联网商业模式驱动的文献综述................................................................................. 4 研究方法.................................................................................................................................................... 4 论文内容安排............................................................................................................................................ 5 第二章 基本概念和相关理论 ................................................................................................................................. 7 物联网介绍................................................................................................................................................ 7 2.1.1 物联网相关概念 ............................................................................................................................. 7 2.1.2 物联网领域关键技术 ..................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.3 NB-IoT 概况................................................................................................................................... 10 2.1.4 NB-IoT 的技术优势........................................................................................................................11 2.1.5 物联网应用领域 ............................................................................................................................11 2.1.6 物联网产业链............................................................................................................................... 12 商业模式介绍.......................................................................................................................................... 14 2.2.1 商业模式的定义 ........................................................................................................................... 14 2.2.2 商业模式的构成要素 ................................................................................................................... 14 2.2.3 商业模式的研究意义 ................................................................................................................... 17 2.2.4 商业模式的评价方法 ................................................................................................................... 17 模糊综合分析法介绍.............................................................................................................................. 18 层次分析法介绍...................................................................................................................................... 20 第三章 L 市电信物联网发展 SWOT 分析........................................................................................................... 23 L 市电信物联网发展概述........................................................................................................................ 23 优势分析.................................................................................................................................................. 23 3.2.1 基础设施建设完备 ....................................................................................................................... 23 3.2.2 支撑体系完善，产品体系丰富.................................................................................................... 24 3.2.3 庞大的客户群体和立体化的服务体系........................................................................................ 24 3.2.4 良好的品牌形象 ........................................................................................................................... 25 劣势分析.................................................................................................................................................. 25 3.3.1 物联网业务发展受 IP 地址限制.................................................................................................. 25 3.3.2 业务管道化，产品单一化 ........................................................................................................... 26 3.3.3 业务流程冗长............................................................................................................................... 26 机会分析.................................................................................................................................................. 27 3.4.1 NB-IoT 市场空间广阔................................................................................................................... 27 3.4.2 NB-IoT 政策优势明显................................................................................................................... 27 3.4.3 NB-IoT 收费模式新颖................................................................................................................... 28 威胁分析.................................................................................................................................................. 28 3.5.1 同行竞争激烈............................................................................................................................... 28 3.5.2 合作企业竞争趋势严峻 ............................................................................................................... 29 第四章 NB-IoT 驱动下电信物联网商业模式评价.............................................................................................. 30 NB-IoT 驱动下运营商物联网商业模式概述.......................................................................................... 30IV 评价模型选取.......................................................................................................................................... 31 4.2.1 确定评价模型............................................................................................................................... 31 4.2.2 商业模式画布结构 ....................................................................................................................... 32 评价指标体系构建.................................................................................................................................. 35 4.3.1 评价指标的选取原则 ................................................................................................................... 35 4.3.2 评价指标描述............................................................................................................................... 36 4.3.3 评价指标体系............................................................................................................................... 38 评价指标权重确定.................................................................................................................................. 40 L 市电信物联网商业模式模糊综合评价................................................................................................ 46 第五章 L 市电信物联网商业模式优化策略........................................................................................................ 49 网络智能化.............................................................................................................................................. 49 业务生态化.............................................................................................................................................. 50 5.2.1 平台提供商模式 ........................................................................................................................... 51 5.2.2 方案集成商模式 ........................................................................................................................... 51 运营智慧化.............................................................................................................................................. 53 第六章 总结与展望............................................................................................................................................... 54。。。。。。以下内容略