I 摘要 在经济高速发展的今天，企业之间的竞争压力日益加剧，想要在这个瞬息万变 的新经济体下继续保持自身的竞争力，企业就必须不断优化自己，不断推出新产品， 不断优化现有的流程制度，不断的信息化、智能化。项目管理作为一种非常先进的 管理方法已经适用在各大中小企业中，运用项目管理方法对于提高项目完工效率， 保证项目的质量和交期有着非常重要的意义。在项目管理中，项目进度管理又决定 着项目能否按时完工。项目进度超期，往往导致赶工或者工期压缩，给员工带来很 大的工作量，如果超期严重使企业不能按交期交付产品，也会给企业造成不好的影 响。进度提前过多，也往往会导致企业内部资源以及成本的浪费。所以对一个项目 来说，项目管理的成败很大一部分取决于项目的进度管理。 本文以 SNY 公司 SAP 优化项目作为案例研究，主要从项目进度管理现状、项 目进度计划、项目进度控制、以及项目的保障措施建议几个方面进行分析研究。 文中首先介绍了 SNY 公司和 SAP 优化项目的背景，在此基础上阐明了 SAP 优化项目前期在进度管理方面存在的问题。主要问题是项目组织架构不合理以及 项目进度缺少科学的进度计划方法，该问题已经在本论文第四章节进行了优化处 理。其次，以 SAP 优化项目为例，使用工作分解结构 WBS 法、关键路径法（CPM）、 关键链法（CCM）、计划评审技术(PERT)等方法为该 SAP 优化项目制定项目计划， 并对项目前期出现的问题进行解决，如组织架构优化，运用科学的项目进度管理方 法制定项目进度计划。随后，在考虑到项目的资源限制以及其它不可控因素对项目 的影响，基于关键链方法，通过增加缓冲区应对项目中可能出现的风险，保证项目 可以在预期的时间内顺利完成。最后，结合 SNY 公司的现状，以及项目进度管理 中出现的一些问题，给 SNY 公司提出了一些进度管理保障措施的建议，如专门针 对跨区域项目的组织架构优化，项目人员的筛选以及定期的培训制度，针对第三章 提出的项目前期的沟通问题制定良好的沟通制度，完善的绩效评价制度，有效的解 决项目进度管理中存在的问题，从而更好的对项目进度进行控制，提升公司经济效 益。 本论文的研究，不仅可以对 SNY 公司当前的系统项目问题进行优化解决，而 且对于制造行业信息化项目也具有一定的借鉴意义。 关键词：项目进度，SAP，关键链，计划评审，WBS，缓冲区ABSTRACT II ABSTRACT Since the competition among companies has become fiercer as a result of rapid economic growth. To survive and excel in the competition, a company has to be able to stay ahead of its competitors in offering new products and optimizing process and more intelligent. In recent years, project management as an important management method, have been widely used in large in different companies. Which plays a significant role in improving the project efficiency and ensure the project quality and lead time. According to theproject theory, project schedulemanagement decidestheresult ofproject is finished on time. The project schedule delay always causes more resources and high cost, lead to more work. The company can’t meet the product lead time target if the project schedule delay seriously, in that case, the company will have a bad reputation. On the contrary, the project schedule ahead also will cause resource and cost waste in company. The project schedule management lead to the success of the whole project management. This paper takes the SAP optimization project of SNY company as an example, research on the present situation of the project schedule, project schedule plan, project schedule control and advice on project improve. First, this paper introduce the background of the SNY company and SAP optimization project, then summarizes the issues related to project schedule management based on the system project status at SNYCompany.The keyissue is project organization structure and the lack of rationalized process planning and controlling, and I propose solution and solve it in the fourth chapter of this paper. Second, this paper creates a more scientific and rational progress plan with an example of the SAP optimization project, using WBS, CPM, CCM and PERT methods, meantime, we find method to resolve the problem which happened in the beginning of the project, such as organization optimization , using scientific project schedule management method and so on. Then, considering the project constraints and other uncontrollable things, this paper suggesting adding buffer in project to avoid some unknow risk, to ensure the project can be finished on time. Finally, considering the present status of the company and the issues happened in the project , giving some advice for better project control, such as Organization structure optimization specially for cross-regional project, team member selection and training plan, according to the communicate question in the chapter 3 to establish goodABSTRACT III communication rule and performance evaluation system, to resolve issues in project schedule efficiently, to control the project schedule better and to improve the benefit of the company. The research of this paper, not onlyoptimize the issues of the system project in SNY company, but also offer a certain reference for the manufacturing industry. Keywords: Project schedule, SAP, Critical Chain, Program Evaluation and Review Technique, WBS，Buffer目录 IV 目 录 第一章 绪论.................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景及意义................................................................................................ 1 1.1.1 研究背景 ................................................................................................ 1 1.1.2 研究意义 ................................................................................................ 2 1.2 研究现状............................................................................................................ 3 1.2.1 国外研究现状 ........................................................................................ 3 1.2.2 国内研究现状 ........................................................................................ 4 1.3 研究思路及方法................................................................................................ 5 1.3.1 研究基本思路 ........................................................................................ 5 1.3.2 研究方法 ................................................................................................ 5 1.4 研究内容及论文框架........................................................................................ 5 第二章 相关理论概述.................................................................................................... 7 2.1 项目管理相关概念............................................................................................ 7 2.1.1 项目的概念 ............................................................................................ 7 2.1.2 项目管理概述 ........................................................................................ 7 2.1.3 项目进度管理概述 ................................................................................ 7 2.2 项目进度管理方法............................................................................................ 8 2.2.1 工作分解结构 WBS............................................................................... 8 2.2.2 关键路径法 ............................................................................................ 9 2.2.3 关键链法及约束理论 ............................................................................ 9 2.2.4 计划评审技术 ...................................................................................... 10 2.3 小结.................................................................................................................. 11 第三章 SAP 优化项目概况.......................................................................................... 12 3.1 SNY 公司简介 ................................................................................................. 12 3.2 SAP 优化项目简介 .......................................................................................... 12 3.2.1 项目背景 .............................................................................................. 12 3.2.2 项目需求及进度管理目标 .................................................................. 13 3.2.3 以往信息化系统项目的进度管理问题 .............................................. 14 3.2.4 SNY 公司 SAP 优化项目前期进度管理中存在的问题..................... 15 3.3 小结.................................................................................................................. 18目录 V 第四章 SNY 公司 SAP 优化项目进度计划制定........................................................ 19 4.1 SNY 公司 SAP 优化项目组织架构优化 ........................................................ 19 4.1.1 SNY 公司 SAP 优化项目 WBS 分解 .................................................. 19 4.1.2 SAP 优化项目组织架构优化............................................................... 21 4.2 SAP 优化项目活动规划 .................................................................................. 22 4.2.1 确定工作包的工作顺序 ...................................................................... 22 4.2.2 SAP 优化项目责任分配矩阵............................................................... 23 4.2.3 项目活动时间估计 .............................................................................. 25 4.2.4 确定关键路径 ...................................................................................... 26 4.2.5 平衡资源冲突 ...................................................................................... 27 4.2.6 关键路径优化 ...................................................................................... 27 4.3 确定项目工期.................................................................................................. 28 4.3.1 项目活动工期估算 .............................................................................. 28 4.4 缓冲区的计算与设置...................................................................................... 34 4.4.1 缓冲区计算方法 .................................................................................. 34 4.4.2 缓冲区的计算 ...................................................................................... 35 4.4.3 SAP 优化项目缓冲区的设置............................................................... 39 4.4.4 SAP 优化项目缓冲区的管理............................................................... 40 4.5 SAP 优化项目里程碑节点 .............................................................................. 41 4.6 小结.................................................................................................................. 42 第五章 SAP 优化项目进度控制.................................................................................. 43 5.1 项目进度控制.................................................................................................. 43 5.1.1 项目进度检查 ...................................................................................... 43 5.1.2 影响项目进度的主要任务 .................................................................. 44 5.1.3 进度偏差分析 ...................................................................................... 45 5.1.4 项目进度计划调整 .............................................................................. 46 5.1.5 项目进度计划滞后的原因分析 .......................................................... 47 5.2 基于缓冲区的项目进度控制.......................................................................... 48 5.3 小结.................................................................................................................. 48 第六章 SAP 优化项目进度控制保障措施.................................................................. 50 6.1 跨区域组织结构的优化.................................................................................. 50 6.2 项目组成员选择.............................................................................................. 51 6.3 建立人员培训制度.......................................................................................... 51目录 VI 6.4 建立良好的沟通机制...................................................................................... 52 6.5 完善绩效评价.................................................................................................. 52 6.6 本章小结.......................................................................................................... 53 第七章 结论与展望...................................................................................................... 54 7.1 结论.................................................................................................................. 54 7.2 不足与展望...................................................................................................... 54 7.2.1 本文的不足 .......................................................................................... 54 7.2.2 展望 ...................................................................................................... 55 致 谢............................................................................................................................ 56。。。。。。以下内容略