“公共利益”是我国土地征用制度中的重要概念，一直以来作为土地征收权 权行使的正当性和合理性而存在。然而，对于什么是“公共利益”以及如何界定 “公共利益”，宪法和法律都没有给出明确答案，同时在实际运用当中也缺乏可操 作性。这使得我国土地征收制度中公共利益界定可行性的研究有着很大的理论和 现实意义。 本文运用历史分析、比较分析、案例分析等方法，立足中国现代土地制度背 景，以公共利益为视角，梳理了公共利益在中国立法中的历史变迁，分析了公共 利益概念在中国土地征收制度中的定位和走向。通过解剖公共利益理论，分析公 共利益界定在实践操作中遇到的困难，并结合其他国家在实现公共利益做法上的 比较，得出在现实背景下的中国，公共利益界定在理论和实践上都有相当大的困 难，可行性很低，同时提出一系列针对当前形势的政策建议。 关键词，土地征收，公共利益界定，可行性 作 者，钱 璐 指导老师，严金泉II The feasibility study of Public interest definition in China's land expropriation system Abstract Public interests, as an important conception in China's land expropriation system, has always been a concept of justice and rationality in exercising land expropriation rights. However, about what is public interests and how to define public interests, no specific definition is given in the constitution and the law, practice also lacks maneuverability, which makes the feasibility study of public interests definition in land expropriation system have a great theoretical and realistic significance. On the view of public interest, this paper, based on China's modern land system, uses historical methods, comparative methods and case analysis methods to try to solve the problems. The paper mainly includes the following contents， Firstly, the public interest in the land expropriation system is deeply analyzed in the paper, the history and actuality of public interest in China’s land expropriation system is researched. Secondly, the conception of public interest is analyzed theoretically, and some characters are summarized. Subsequently, the comparison analysis is made for the public interests in different countries’ land expropriation system. Finally, a conclusion is made which points that in today’s China, the public interests can’t be defined clearly in theory and practice. At the same time, a series of suggestions are put forward in view of the current situation. Key words， Land expropriation, public interests definition, feasibility Written by，Qian Lu Supervised by，Yan Jinquan目 录 1 绪论 ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景与研究意义 ..................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ............................................................................................. 3 1.3 研究内容与研究方法 ..................................................................................... 5 2 建国后土地征收目的的历史沿革 ........................................................................... 7 2.1 1950 年-1954 年............................................................................................... 7 2.2 1954 年-1978 年............................................................................................... 8 2.3 1978 年-1997 年............................................................................................... 8 2.4 1998 年-至今.................................................................................................... 8 2.5 小结 ............................................................................................................... 10 3 公共利益理论界定可行性分析 ............................................................................. 11 3.1 公共利益内涵探究 ....................................................................................... 11 3.2 公共利益与相近概念的辨析 ....................................................................... 12 3.3 中外公私观念的对比 ................................................................................... 14 3.4 公共利益的特征及结论 ............................................................................... 16 4 公共利益在中国土地征收实践中界定可行性分析 ............................................. 18 4.1 经典征地案例中存在的公共利益界定上的困惑 ....................................... 18 4.2 区分公益性建设用地和经营性建设用地的价值 ....................................... 19 4.3 中国土地公有制基础加大了公共利益界定的难度 ................................... 20 4.4 中国公共利益界定的制度与程序缺陷 ....................................................... 21 5 域外公共利益界定可行性分析 ............................................................................. 23 5.1 域外公共利益界定的经验总结 ................................................................... 23 5.2 解析美国的公共利益界定史 ....................................................................... 25 5.3 域外经验给中国的启示 ............................................................................... 28 6 结论与建议 ............................................................................................................. 30