改革开放三十年来，中国从闭关锁国走向了全球化。国内生产总值保持了高速增长， 自 2003 年以来的五年中保持了平均 10.6%增长率。进出口贸易数额逐年增长，成为世 界上重要的贸易成员。随着开放程度不断加深，中国经济与世界经济的联系更加紧密， 各方面的交流与合作也随之不断深化。人民币也逐步走向国际舞台，特别是在与中国紧 邻的周边国家，人民币有了一定程度的流通，境外人民币的沉积量也逐年增加。人民币 区域化乃至国际化成为一个热点问题。 在伴随着我国经济的增长，人民币汇率制度也经历了由单一固定汇率到官方汇率与 市场汇率并存的双轨汇率制度，再到有管理的浮动汇率制度的演变。1994 年，我国实行 了人民币官方汇率与外汇调剂市场汇率并轨，形成以市场供求为基础的单一的、有管理 的浮动汇率制；2005 年 7 月 21 日，经国务院批准，我国开始实行以市场供求为基础、 参考一揽子货币进行调节、有管理的浮动汇率制度，从而使人民币汇率的形成更加市场 化，币值更趋于稳定。并且由美国的次贷危机所导致的全球金融危机，使得全世界对美 元的信任度下降，持有美元的风险加大，为人民币在世界经贸币值结算中提供了平台。 随着新疆与周边国家和地区经济贸易的发展，人民币在中亚地区流通问题变得日益 重要，特别是在实现人民币在中亚贸易结算本币化，推行人民币国际化进程中，对加强 与中亚国家经济融合，以及新疆经济发展都具有重要的现实意义。 遵循以上思路文章共分四部分：第一部分对外贸易结算本币化的概述；第二部分我 国与中亚贸易结算本币化的必要性；第三部分我国与中亚贸易结算本币化的可行性；第 四部分推动我国与中亚贸易本币化的制约因素及对策建议 关键词：结算人民币化 必要性 可行性Abstract Three decades of reform and opening up, China from the closed-door policy toward globalization. Maintained a high GDP growth in the five years since 2003, maintained an average growth rate of 10.6%. The amount of imports and exports increased year by year, the world's important trade members. With the deepening openness, China's economic ties with the world economy more closely, all exchanges and cooperation continuously deepened. The RMB has been a degree of movement of the RMB offshore sedimentary volume increases each year. Regionalization of RMB and the international has become a hot issue. Along with China in economic growth, the RMB exchange rate system has also gone from a single fixed exchange rate to official exchange rate and market exchange rates co-exist in the dual exchange rate system, to a managed floating exchange rate system evolution. In 1994, China introduced the official exchange rate of RMB and foreign exchange swap market exchange rates, creating a single market-based, managed floating exchange rate system; July 21, 2005, approved by the State Council, China began to implement a supply and demand based on the reference basket of currencies to adjust, managed floating exchange rate system, so that the RMB exchange rate formation more market-oriented, value tends to be more stable. And by the U.S. sub-prime crisis caused by the global financial crisis, making degrees of believing around the world against the U.S. dollar fell, increasing the risk of holding U.S. dollars, this provide platform to RMB world trade currency settlement easier to manage. As China and the Central Asian country's economic and trade development, the RMB circulation in Central Asia has become increasingly important, The implementation process of the internationalization of RMB, and the Central Asian countries to strengthen economic integration and economic development in Xinjiang has important practical significance. Follow the above ideas the article is divided into five parts: The first part of an overview of the RMB settlement of foreign trade; second part of trade between China and Central Asia, the necessity of settlement of RMB; third part of trade between China and Central Asia, the possibility of settlement of RMB; Trade between China and Central Asia, four-part of the problems facing the RMB; the fifth part of the trade settlement in RMB and Suggestions. Key words: RMB of settlement necessity feasibility目 录 绪 论....................................................................................................................................1 一、研究目的及意义..................................................................................................1 二、国内外研究现状分析..........................................................................................2 三、问题提出的时代背景..........................................................................................5 四、研究对象及方法..................................................................................................6 五、本文特色之处......................................................................................................6 第一章 对外贸易结算人民币化概述..................................................................................7 第一节 对外贸易结算人民币化的界定.........................................................................7 一、国际结算和国际贸易结算..................................................................................7 二、对外贸易结算人民币化的内含..........................................................................7 三、不同币种计价结算的选择..................................................................................8 第二节 现代国际贸易结算货币的新发展.....................................................................9 一、国际贸易结算货币越来越灵活..........................................................................9 二、国际贸易结算货币的风险日益增大................................................................10 第二章 我国与中亚贸易结算人民币化的必要性............................................................11 第一节 我国与中亚经济发展的内在要求...................................................................11 一、比较利益驱动下的差异互补............................................................................11 二、与中亚各国经济互补性....................................................................................13 三、我国对中亚地区的贸易量增长迅速................................................................14 第二节 我国与中亚规避汇率风险的现实选择.........................................................16 一、单一货币理论和最适度通货区理论提供了理论依据....................................16 二、我国与中亚贸易结算中面临美元汇率风险....................................................20 三、人民币结算是解决目前美元跨境现钞监管及调运问题的需要....................22 第三节 我国推进人民币国际化策略的必然步骤.....................................................22 一、人民币结算是提高人民币在国际货币体系中地位的需要............................22 二、人民币为中亚地区提供了区域硬通货............................................................23 三、边贸人民币结算是加快我国资本市场建设的需要........................................24 四、中亚国家经济的发展需要人民币....................................................................25 第三章 我国与中亚贸易结算人民币化的可行性............................................................27 第一节 贸易结算人民币化的现实基础条件...............................................................27 一、经济的持续快速增长........................................................................................27 二、地缘政治优势....................................................................................................28三、上海合作组织为中国与中亚国家区域经济合作创造了有利条件................29 四、中国对贸易结算人民币化的政策支持............................................................29 第二节 我国与中亚金融市场及金融中介发展的必然趋势.......................................30 一、我国日趋完善的金融市场为贸易结算人民币化提供了金融基础................30 二、中亚五国的金融市场已初步形成了较开放的条件........................................32 三、我国较完善的金融中介为贸易结算人民币化提供了可能............................33 第三节 人民币具备国际货币的基本特质...................................................................34 一、人民币稳定的币值和良好的国际信誉............................................................34 二、充足的国际清偿能力