I 摘要 当前，我国中小企业取得迅速发展，它们在我国经济体系中，其重要性也日益突出， 而其作为市场竞争的真正参与者和见证者，可以说是很大程度上促进了经济的发展，并 且中小企业以它的灵活性和生命力对国民经济做出不可磨灭的贡献，为解决巨大的社会 就业压力，担负着重要的使命。但中小企业的规模小，生存能力不强，市场竞争力薄弱， 加之受宏观经济调控约束影响，使得中小企业的生存状况不容乐观。 本文所研究的对象 SY 公司就是一个在钢铁贸易行业经历 20 年的中型企业。2012 年以前，在钢铁行业整体向好的时期，企业的盈利能力较强。随着之后整个行业开始出 现问题，比如，产能过剩、银行抽贷、融资难且成本高、同质化竞争激励，问题逐渐突 出，SY 公司的净资产收益率不可避免的出现下降，盈利能力逐渐减弱。本文所研究的 SY 公司的盈利能力现状，对公司盈利能力进行分析，找出切实可行的提升盈利能力的改 进方案，从整体上提高公司的经营绩效，这便有了十分重要的现实意义。本文通过对 SY 公司的盈利能力进行分析，找出影响问题的根源，对症下药，提出具有针对性的提升措 施，对企业进行财务分析，提高效益，使企业价值最大化，同时为我们钢铁贸易行业今 后如何提升盈利能力提出一些建设性的意见。 关键词，中小企业， 钢铁贸易， 盈利能力，SY 公司西北大学硕士学位论文 II ABSTRACT At present, China's small and medium sizedenterprises have developed rapidly, and their importance has become increasingly prominent in China’s economic system. As a true participant and witness of market competition, it can be said that it has greatly promoted economic development, and SMEs make an indelible contribution to the national economy with its flexibility and vitality, and shoulder an important mission to solve the enormous social employment pressure. However, the small and medium-sized enterprises have small scale, weak survivability, weak market competitiveness, and the impact of macroeconomic regulation and control, making the survival of SMEs not optimistic. The object SY company studied in this paper is a medium-sized enterprise that has experienced 20 years in the steel trading industry. Before 2012, in the steel industry as a whole, the company's profitability was strong. After the whole industry began to have problems, such as: overcapacity, bank lending, financing difficulties and high cost, homogenization competition incentives, the problem gradually became prominent, SY company's return on net assets inevitably declined, profitability gradually Weakened. The current status of SY's profitability researched in this paper analyzes the company's profitability, finds practical and feasible improvement programs to improve profitability, and improves the company's business performance as a whole. This has very important practical significance. This paper analyzes the profitability of SY company, finds the root cause of the problem, prescribes the right medicine, proposes targeted improvement measures, conducts financial analysis on the enterprise, improves the efficiency, maximizes the value of the enterprise, and at the same time serves the future of the steel trade industry. Some constructive comments on how to improve profitability. Keywords: SMEs, steel trade, profitability, SY目 录 III 目 录 摘要...................................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... II 目 录................................................................................................................................III 第一章 绪论......................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景及研究意义 ..............................................................................................1 1.2 盈利能力的研究概述 ..............................................................................................2 1.2.1 盈利能力概述 ...................................................................................................2 1.2.2 杜邦模型分析研究概述 ...................................................................................4 1.3 研究内容和研究方法 ..............................................................................................6 1.3.1 研究内容 ..........................................................................................................6 1.3.2 研究方法 ..........................................................................................................6 第二章 盈利能力等相关概念及理论基础......................................................................7 2.1 企业盈利能力 ..........................................................................................................7 2.1.1 盈利能力的概念及盈利能力分析目的 ..........................................................7 2.1.2 企业盈利能力分析的内容 ..............................................................................7 2.2 杜邦分析法............................................................................................................10 2.2.1 杜邦分析法 ....................................................................................................10 2.2.2 杜邦分析法的应用 ........................................................................................10 2.2.3 改进后的杜邦分析法体系架构 .................................................................... 11 第三章 SY 公司所处行业概况及 SY 公司简介...........................................................12 3.1 行业概况................................................................................................................12 3.1.1 行业现状分析 .................................................................................................12 3.1.2 钢贸行业的经营模式 ....................................................................................12 3.1.3 钢贸行业目前面临的挑战 ............................................................................12 3.2 SY 公司简介........................................................................................................13 第四章 SY 公司财务状况及盈利能力指标分析..........................................................15 4.1 公司财务状况分析................................................................................................15西北大学硕士学位论文 IV 4.1.1 利润构成分析................................................................................................ 15 4.1.2 营业收入分析................................................................................................. 15 4.1.3 营业成本的分析............................................................................................ 16 4.1.4 利润总额和净利润的分析............................................................................ 18 4.1.5 营业利润的分析............................................................................................ 18 4.1.6 期间费用的分析............................................................................................ 19 4.2 盈利能力指标分析 ............................................................................................... 19 4.2.1 总资产报酬率的分析.................................................................................... 19 4.2.2 总资产净利率的分析.................................................................................... 21 4.2.3 净资产收益率的分析.................................................................................... 22 4.2.4 营业利润率的分析........................................................................................ 23 4.2.5 成本利润率的分析........................................................................................ 25 4.3 企业收现能力分析 ............................................................................................... 26 4.4 营业收入增长率的分析 ....................................................................................... 29 4.5 净利润增长率的分析 ...........................................................................