2
5.6.3 最终采购效率优化方案 ........... - 38 -
5.7 乌斯坦宁波内部的管理契机与最终采购效率优化方案的实施 ......... - 39 -
5.7.1 乌斯坦宁波内部的管理契机 ....... - 39 -
5.7.2 最终采购优化方案的实施 ......... - 39 -
第 6 章 研究结论和展望 ........... - 41 -
6.1 研究结论 ..... - 41 -
6.2 对企业的建议 . - 41 -
6.3 研究不足和展望 ........... - 43 -
参 考 文 献 ......... - 45 -
致 谢- 47 -目 录
第 1 章 绪 论 ........ - 1 -
1.1 选题背景及研究意义 ........ - 1 -
1.2 研究重点及论文框架........ - 2 -
1.3 本论文的创新点 - 4 -
第 2 章 采购管理的相关文献研究 .... - 5 -
2.1 采购管理的发展历程........ - 5 -
2.2 采购效率的相关文献........ - 6 -
第 3 章 采购理论中提高采购效率的方法讨论 ...... - 9 -
3.1 JIT 采购 ...... - 9 -
3.2 MRP 采购 ..... - 10 -
3.3 集中采购..... - 13 -
3.4 VMI.......... - 14 -
3.5 采购外包..... - 14 -
3.6 总结......... - 15 -
第 4 章 乌斯坦船舶设备（宁波）有限公司采购工作现状与采购效率分析 ..... - 17 -
4.1 乌斯坦集团及乌斯坦船舶设备（宁波）有限公司简介... - 17 -
4.2 乌斯坦船舶设备（宁波）有限公司简介公司工作现状... - 18 -
4.3 乌斯坦船舶设备（宁波）有限公司采购效率分析....... - 23 -
4.3.1 数据说明 - 24 -
4.3.2 时间效率的分析...... - 24 -
4.3.3 资金成本效率的分析.. - 26 -
4.3.4 库存成本的数据分析 . - 27 -
第 5 章 乌斯坦船舶设备（宁波）有限公司采购效率优化方案分析 ........... - 30 -
5.1 两种备选方案. - 30 -
5.2 数据的进一步整理......... - 30 -
5.3 备选方案的时间效率测算... - 31 -
5.4 备选方案的资金成本效率测算........... - 33 -
5.5 备选方案对库存成本的影响. - 37 -
5.6 备选方案的效率对比与风险分析 ......... - 38 -
5.6.1 备选方案与现行工作方案的效率对比 ........... - 38 -
5.6.2 备选方案的风险分析 . - 38 -File Name：Y1111121030.doc
Title of Thesis：Procurement Efficiency Research for Ulstein Marine Equipment (Ningbo) Co., Ltd
Vita of Author：Jeanette SUN，Female，born in 1983, had studied in the subject of MBA，under Professor
Xie Youcai's supervision since 2011，and gained a Master's Degree in the Ningbo University, in Mar，2014.
Abstract of Thesis：
To all manufacturing enterprises, procurement of materials costs will undoubtedly occupy the largest
proportion of the cost of products, normally the average level is 60% or more, so controlling and reducing
procurement costs for each manufacturing enterprise has become one of the most important management
objectives. Purchasing departments directly affect the implementation degree of this management goal: Do the
prices that Purchasing negotiated with suppliers are competitive Does the quality of the materials is appropriate
Does the arrival of the materials is appropriate enough so to able to maximize the use of capital All of these
purchases work can be fully carried out or not, or the extent of the carrying out and the results finally achieved
reflects the level of the efficiency of an enterprise’s procurement, or another saying that the extent and result is
affected and decided by the efficiency of an enterprise’s procurement.
Ulstein Ulstein Marine Equipment (Ningbo) Co., Ltd. is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ulstein Group
(Norway), who is one of the top 3 in the whole world in the development and construction of offshore vessels. In
the period of economic prosperity, the cost of the ship designed and developed by Ulstein Group has never been
the most important issues of concern by the ship-owner, but as the global economic downturn, when this harsh
economic environment begins from the end of 2010, the market of offshore vessel’s construction is inevitably
affected, the ship-owners concern about the cost more and more, so that Ulstein group has to pay more and more
attention to the cost of the ship accordingly.
Through studying the work of the formers--procurement management literature, combining with the actual
theoretical knowledge of procurement, analyze the situation of the work in UME and its procurement efficiency,
this dissertation describes the finding of the big space for UME to optimize its procurement efficiency not only to
save working time, but also to improve capital utilization and avoid dead materials’ stock. In this dissertation,
there present 2 options to optimize the procurement efficiency. Option 1: Centralize the projects established in a
week and then do procurement for all of them together; Option 2: Centralized procurement in every week
according to the actual requirement of all materials (here the required date of the material is when the project starts.
Then on the proposed program and its qualitative and quantitative risk analysis, the program one at a time with
respect to the efficiency of the existing program of work will be 26.96 percent increase, but at the cost of capital
efficiency and inventory costs relative to the current work program is mediocre ; Option 2 relative to the time
efficiency of existing program of work will be 5.96 percent increase, and in the cost of capital efficiency and
inventory costs relative to the current work program outstanding, it can not only avoid more than three months in
advance payment of moneys 1500000 to the supplier , but also avoid dead stock due to the cancellation of the
project. Considering the actual demands of UME at present, giving out the final solution the option 2 as the final
selected. Furthermore, this dissertation gives out the procedures of how to take option 2 into practice regarding the
chances that exist and appeared in UME.
Key Words: Procurement efficiency, Procurement management optimization, control and
reduce cost, capital cost文 件 名：L1111121030.doc
论文题目：乌斯坦船舶设备（宁波）有限公司采购效率提升研究
作者简介：孙建英，女，1983 年出生，2011 年从师于谢友才教授，于2014 年3 月毕业于宁波大学工商
管理专业，并获工商管理硕士学位。

论文摘要：
对于所有制造型企业而言，采购物料成本占据了企业产品成本最大的比例，平均水平在 60%以
上，所以控制和降低采购成本成了每个制造型企业最重要的管理目标之一。采购部门的工作直接影
响到这一管理目标的实现程度：采购人员与供应商谈定的价格是否足够有竞争力？采购人员所采购
的产品质量是否合适？采购人员是否能够按照企业生产运营过程的实际所需适时、适量地满足供
应，以使企业的资金得到最大化的利用？等等，所有这些采购工作是否可以得以全面开展，或者开
展的程度以及取得的效果所体现出来的正是一个企业采购效率的高低，或者说这些程度与效果受到
采购效率高低的影响和制约。

乌斯坦船舶设备（宁波）有限公司是在海洋工程船舶开发和建造领域世界排名前 3 位的挪威乌
斯坦集团在中国宁波设立的全资子公司，在经济快速发展时期，由乌斯坦集团设计开发的船舶，成
本并不是船东关注的最重要的问题，但随着全球经济低迷，尤其是全球的船事从 2010 年开始进入
低谷，海洋工程船舶的建造市场也不可避免地受到冲击，船东也逐渐提高了关注成本的意识，有着
贵族般荣耀的乌斯坦船舶建造也与时俱进地将产品成本提上了日程。

本论文通过研究采购管理方面的的文献资料，结合实际的采购理论知识，分析乌斯坦宁波的工
作现状和采购效率，发现乌斯坦宁波的采购效率从时间效率、资金成本效率和库存成本方面都有再
优化的空间，进而提出可以使乌斯坦宁波采购效率提升的备选方案--方案 1：按项目立项，每周集
中采购；方案 2：按项目开始生产所有物料即在库，每周集中采购。接着对提出的方案及其风险进
行定量和定性分析，得出方案 1 在时间效率方面相对于现行工作方案会有 26.96%的提升，但在资
金成本效率和库存成本方面相对于现行工作方案表现平平；方案 2 在时间效率方面相对于现行工作
方案会有 5.96%的提升，并且在资金成本效率和库存成本方面相对于现行工作方案表现突出，既可
以避免提前 3 个多月将 150 万的款项支付给供应商，也可以避免由于项目取消而造成大批物料形成
呆滞库存的风险。考虑乌斯坦宁波的现状需求，选定最终的提升采购效率的方案为方案 2，即按项
目开始生产所有物料即在库，每周集中采购。最后结合目前乌斯坦宁波内部的管理契机，给出实施
最终选定的优化方案的具体流程。

关 键 词：采购效率提升，采购管理优化，控制和降低成本，资金成本第 1 章 绪 论
1.1 选题背景及研究意义
采购活动是人类社会的基本经济