2021届学术学位硕士学位论文
家庭农场融资法律问题研究
Research on legal issues of family farm financing
研究生姓名：谢姆西努尔·图尔贡
学科门类：学术学位
专业：经济法学
研究方向：经济法基础理论
指导教师：德全英
答辩日期：2022年11月27日
摘要
2015年，中办、国办印发《深化农村改革综合性实施方案》明确，要适时
提出从法律上保障家庭农场发展的建议。中央农办、农业农村部等多部门为家庭
农场法律制度给予政策指导，2019年印发的《关于实施家庭农场培育计划的指
导意见》要求强化并加快家庭农场领域的立法工作，同时鼓励地方研究并出台规
范性文件抑或相关地方法规等，在地方上先行探索总结家庭农场法制化的建设经
验。
由于家庭农场融资特殊性，尽管国家和地方不断在政策上提供对家庭农场的
金融扶持，却依然出现无法充分满足用于生产经营的资产需求问题。家庭农场融
资难题来源于很多方面，法律制度保障不足是其中关键因素。家庭农场的提出与
发展更加偏重于政策性的指导与规范，并未在法律上进行对其界定，因此家庭农
场在金融市场中的主体地位并不明确。合格的抵押财产是担保融资前置条件，土
地承包经营权担保融资制度存在的争议有待解决。金融机构对于家庭农场等涉农
类贷款人持有消极的借款意愿，主要原因是融资成本大且风险不易于把控，为了
充分发挥政策性担保强有力的杠杆作用，需要进一步强化对担保机构的规范化管
理。保障家庭农场融资权益，积极化解融资风险，探索可持续性解决途径是长久
之计。
本文从绪论至第三章以“家庭农场融资法律问题的研究背景、意义与方法—
—家庭农场融资法律现状与研究理论基础——家庭农场融资法律制度存在的主
要问题——完善我国家庭农场融资法律制度的主要路径”的顺序思考，采用文献
分析法、因素分析法、跨学科研究等方法，针对家庭农场融资现状，试图以我国
家庭农场普遍的融资需求出发，从明晰家庭农场金融市场中的主体定位、土地承
包经营权融资担保制度的完善、健全家庭农场融资风险分担机制、各类农村金融
机构的法律监管等方面，陈述和分析现行的家庭农场融资法的相关政策与制度，
结合面临的难点与问题，为进一步完善家庭农场融资相关法律体系提出有效观点
与解决对策。
关键词：家庭农场融资法公平融资权土地经营权担保金融监管
Abstract
In 2015,the General Office of the Central Committee and the State Council
issued the Comprehensive Implementation Plan for Deepening Rural Reform,which
clearly proposed that the legal development of family farms should be promoted in
due course.The Central Agricultural Office,the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Affairs and other departments have also provided policy guidance for the legal system
of family farms.The Guiding Opinions on the Implementation of Family Farm
Cultivation Plan issued in 2019require that legislative work in the field of family
farms be strengthened and accelerated,and local governments are encouraged to study
and issue normative documents or relevant local methods.Regulations,etc.,explore
and summarize the construction experience of the legalization of family farms at the
local level.
There are problems such as "difficult,expensive and slow"in family farm
financing,resulting in the shortcomings of inclusive financial services in China's rural
areas and restricting the high-quality development of family farms.The problem of
financing family farms comes from many aspects,among which insufficient legal
system guarantees are the key factors.As a new type of agricultural business entity,
family farms face the lack of legal positioning.Qualified collateral is a prerequisite
for secured financing,and disputes over the secured financing system of land contract
management rights have gradually surfaced.Financial institutions have a negative
willingness to lend to farmers such as family farms,mainly because of the high
financing costs and the risks are not easy to control.In order to give full play to the
strong leverage of policy guarantees,the standardized management of guarantee
institutions needs to be further strengthened.It is a long-term solution to protect the
financing rights and interests of family farms,actively defuse financing risks,and
explore sustainable solutions.
From the introduction to the third chapter,this article considers in order of
"Research background,significance and method of the legal problems of family farm
financing -the concept and theoretical basis of family farm financing law -the main
problems existing in the family farm financing legal system -the main path of
improving China's family farm financing legal system",adopts the article Based on
the analysis method,factor analysis method,interdisciplinary research and other
methods,aiming at the current situation of family farm financing,we try to start from
the general financing needs of family farms in China,from the positioning of the legal
rights of family farms in the financing law,the improvement of the financing
guarantee system of land contract management rights,the improvement of the
financing risk sharing mechanism of family farms,and various kinds of In terms of
legal supervision of rural financial institutions,describe and analyse the relevant
policies and systems of the current Family Farm Financing Law,and combine the
difficulties and problems faced,and put forward effective views and solutions for
further improving the relevant legal system of family farm financing.
Keywords:Family farm financing law,Fair financing right,Land
management right guarantee,Financial supervision
目录
绪论.............................................................................................................1
第一节研究的背景与研究意义...........................................................1
一、研究背景.......................................................................................1
二、研究意义.......................................................................................2
第二节国内外研究现状........................................................................3
一、国内研究文献回顾.......................................................................3
二、国外研究文献回顾.......................................................................4
第三节研究方法和研究内容...............................................................5
一、研究方法.......................................................................................5
二、研究内容与创新...........................................................................5
第一章家庭农场融资法律现状与理论基础..........................................7
第一节我国家庭农场融资现状...........................................................7
一、家庭农场的政策界定与名录制度...............................................7
二、家庭农场融资法律与政策现状...................................................8
三、家庭农场融资法的实施效果.....................................................10
第二节我国家庭农场融资特殊性.....................................................11
一、家庭农场融资来源.....................................................................11
二、家庭农场融资主体身份的特殊性.............................................12
三、家庭农场融资需求的特殊性.....................................................13
第三节家庭农场融资权能的法经济学分析.....................................14
一、家庭农场的金融消费能力问题.................................................14
二、金融消费市场的功能分析.........................................................15
三、金融消费体系的社会责任问题.................................................16
第二章家庭农场融资法律制度存在的主要问题................................18
第一节家庭农场缺乏在融资法上的明确地位.................................18
一、内部设置失范导致家庭农场信用较低.....................................18
二、抵御风险能力弱,缺乏有效抵押物............................................19
第二节家庭农场土地经营权担保融资体制机制不完善.................20
一、家庭农场土地经营权担保融资体制下的权利性质争议........20
二、家庭农场土地经营权担保融资机制缺乏有效设计................21
第三节金融体系涉农融资法律制度配套措施不足.........................22
一、金融机构职能定位不清,风险偏好过度干预融资的公平性...23
二、政策性融资担保机构缺乏有效监管.........................................23
第三章完善家庭农场融资相关法律路径的思考................................25