分类号密级
U D C 编号10486
武汉大学
硕士学位论文
家庭内部议价能力与贫困差异研究
——基于个人贫困与家庭贫困差异
分析
研究生姓名：姜珊
学号：2018201050159
指导教师姓名、职称：方迎风副教授
学科、专业名称：数量经济学
研究方向：发展经济学
二〇二一年五月
A Study on the Bargaining Power and
Poverty Difference
——Based on the Analysis of the
Difference between Individual Poverty
and Family Poverty
By Jiang Shan
May ,2021
目录
1引言.........................................................................................................1
1.1研究背景...........................................................................................1
1.2研究目的...........................................................................................2
1.3国内外研究现状...............................................................................3
1.4研究内容...........................................................................................5
2文献综述与假设提出............................................................................7
2.1贫困差异的相关研究.......................................................................7
2.2个人在家庭内部的议价能力的相关研究....................................12
3个人贫困与家庭贫困的差异分析......................................................16
3.1贫困差异的个人因素.....................................................................17
3.2贫困差异的家庭因素.....................................................................21
3.3贫困差异的实证结果.....................................................................23
4家庭内部议价能力对贫困差异影响的实证分析..............................26
4.1数据与变量.....................................................................................26
4.2实证模型.........................................................................................30
4.3回归结果.........................................................................................31
4.4城乡特征的异质性分析.................................................................35
4.5不同地区间的城乡异质性分析....................................................37
5个人议价能力的影响因素的进一步研究..........................................40
5.1模型及变量.....................................................................................40
5.2个人家庭内部议价能力差异的实证结果....................................41
6.政策建议及展望...................................................................................46
参考文献...................................................................................................49
中文摘要
“精准扶贫”是我国脱贫攻坚战的核心要义。我国已实现消除“绝对贫困”的
艰巨任务，下一阶段应在此节点上进一步消除“相对贫困”。这就要求“精准扶
贫”工程进一步识别更为贫困的个人，将有限的扶贫资源集中分配到最需要的帮
扶对象上。但中国目前的扶贫政策中的精确识别仍停留在家庭层面上，对于脱贫
攻坚而言，“精准到人”有新的时代内涵，其更符合消除“相对贫困”的要求。一
是为了有助于促使“精准扶贫”相关项目能有一个更深刻的层次，二是为了避免
脱贫以后的返贫现象，本文对个人贫困与家庭贫困进行研究，旨在分析出个人贫
困与家庭贫困之间的差异的原因，并将个人贫困与家庭贫困之间的差异定义为贫
困差异。在Rossella 的研究基础上，贫困差异是家庭内部资源禀赋不平等的表现，
受到家庭内部议价能力的影响。因此本文借用家庭内部议价能力解释贫困差异的
原因，从而更精准地识别帮扶对象。
本文利用中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）2016年数据，对个人议价能力对家庭
贫困之间影响进行分析，并对城乡之间进行异质性分析。分析结果表明，第一，
个人贫困与家庭贫困之间存在明显差异，其差异是家庭内部资源分配的不平等的
表现；第二，贫困差异由家庭内部议价能力的差异造成的，但注意要性别在其中
的影响，因为性别差异不仅对个人贫困与家庭贫困的差异存在影响，而且其在家
庭内部对个人议价能力的影响进一步造成了家庭内部中个人贫困状况的差异。因
此，“精准到人”强调家庭内部个人议价能力的差异对家庭贫困和个人贫困之间的
差异的影响，而个人家庭议价能力不仅仅受到某一因素单方面的影响，而是多个
因素共同作用。所以，本文建议未来的扶贫政策应更加注重“精准到人”这一层次，
在提出相关扶贫政策时尤其应注重家庭内部资源分配不平等的影响，尤其应注重
性别差异的影响。唯有如此从更长远来说，才能确保已经通过扶贫工作脱贫的家
庭或个人不再返贫，帮助这些贫困人群彻彻底底脱贫。
关键词：精准扶贫，个人贫困，家庭贫困，议价能力
I
Abstract
"Targeted poverty alleviation"is the core of China's fight against poverty.China
has achieved the arduous task of eliminating "absolute poverty".In the next stage,we
should further eliminate "relative poverty"at this node.This requires the "targeted
poverty alleviation"project to further identify the more poor individuals and allocate
the limited poverty alleviation resources to the most needy.However,the accurate
identification in China's current poverty alleviation policy still stays at the family
level.For the poverty alleviation,the "accurate to people"has a new era connotation,
which is more in line with the requirements of eliminating "relative poverty".Firstly,
in order to promote the "targeted poverty alleviation"related projects to a deeper level,
and secondly,in order to avoid the phenomenon of returning to poverty after getting
rid of poverty。this paper studies the individual poverty and family poverty,aims to
analyze the reasons for the differences between individual poverty and family poverty,
and defines the differences between individual poverty and family poverty as poverty
differences.On the basis of Rossella's research,poverty difference is a manifestation
of resource inequality within families,which is affected by bargaining power within
families.Therefore,this paper uses the bargaining power within the family to explain
the causes of poverty differences,so as to more accurately identify the helping
objects.
Based on the data of China family tracking survey (CFPS)in 2016,this paper
analyzes the impact of individual bargaining power on family poverty,and analyzes
the heterogeneity between urban and rural areas.The results show that,first;there is a
significant difference between individual poverty and family poverty.This is the
manifestation of the unequal distribution of resources within the family.Secondly;the
difference in poverty is caused by the difference in bargaining power within the
family.though attention should be paid to the influence of gender,because gender
difference not only has an impact on the difference between individual poverty and
family poverty,but also has an impact on the family.The internal influence on
individual bargaining power further results in the difference of individual poverty
within the family.Therefore,"accurate to person"emphasizes the influence of the
difference of individual bargaining power within the family on the difference between
family poverty and individual poverty.Individual family bargaining power is not only
affected by one factor unilaterally,but by multiple factors.Therefore,this paper
suggests that the future poverty alleviation policies should pay more attention to the
level of poverty "accurate to people",especially the impact of unequal distribution of
resources within the family,especially the impact of gender differences.This may be
the best or only way,in the long run,we can ensure that the families or individuals
who have been lifted out of poverty through poverty alleviation work will not return
to poverty and help these poor people get rid of poverty completely.
Key words：Targeted Poverty Alleviation,Personal Poverty,Family Poverty,
Bargaining Power
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