分类号：F241.4单位代码：11407
密级：公开学号：20217011
北方民族大学
硕士学位论文
人力资本对宁夏劳务移民就业稳定性的影响
研究
Research on the Influence of Human Capital on the Employment
Stability of Ningxia Labour Migrants
学位申请人：刘甲楠
指导教师：范建荣
申请的学位门类：经济学硕士
专业名称：应用经济学
研究方向：区域经济学
所在学院：经济学院
论文完成日期：2024年5月11日
摘要
易地扶贫搬迁是解决中国绝对贫困问题的重要途径，迁往城市社区的劳务移民
是其主要实现形式之一。就业是劳务移民实现可持续发展的主要手段，不断提升劳
务移民的就业稳定性是迫切需要解决的理论问题和现实问题。劳务移民模式是宁夏
在不断地进行易地扶贫搬迁进程中的模式创新，从住房保障、就业培训、社会保障
等都出台了相应的政策，到目前为止已经形成了一整套相对完善的保障体系。但是
受到宏观经济形势和移民自身素质等的影响，劳务移民就业稳定性问题始终得不到
有效解决，根本原因在于劳务移民人力资本水平相对偏低。本文基于宁夏典型劳务
移民社区的调研数据，通过实证研究来探索人力资本对劳务移民就业稳定性的影响，
进而提出提高劳务移民人力资本水平、提升其就业稳定性的对策建议。
本文的主要研究内容包括，一是分析研究背景和劳务移民就业的现状，并对相
关概念进行界定；二是在借鉴相关理论及参考已有文献的基础上，提出研究假说；
三是结合宁夏实际明确衡量劳务移民就业稳定性的指标，构建劳务移民人力资本的
指标体系；四是通过二元Probit 模型就人力资本对就业稳定性的影响效应进行实证
分析，同时引入社会资本变量和社区环境变量，进一步分析人力资本对就业稳定性
的影响机制；五是以性别、搬迁时间和单位类型等进行异质性分析。
本文的研究结果表明，第一，人力资本指数对宁夏劳务移民就业稳定性具有显
著促进作用，其中文化程度、技能培训、工作经验均对就业稳定性具有显著正向影
响；第二，人力资本水平的提升会促进社会资本的增加进而提升劳务移民就业稳定
性；第三，优良的社区环境对人力资本和劳务移民就业稳定性具有正向调节作用；
第四，不同性别、搬迁时间和单位类型的劳务移民群体的人力资本对于就业稳定性
的影响效应存在明显的差异。
根据研究结论，提出了提高劳务移民人力资本水平、提升其就业稳定性的建议：
（1）从完善政策支持、加强就业监管、优化安置社区环境等方面完善不同类型移民
群体的就业体系；（2）从创造包容性就业环境、完善社会保障体系等方面促进劳务
移民的社会融合；（3）从积极提升人力资本、努力增强社会资本、树立就业信心等
方面提高劳务移民的综合素质。
关键词：劳务移民，人力资本，社会资本，社区环境，就业稳定性
I
Abstract
Relocation for poverty alleviation is an important way to solve the problem of absolute
poverty in China,and labour migration to urban communities is one of its main forms of
realization.Employment is the main means for labour migrants to achieve sustainable
development,and continuously improving the employment stability of labour migrants is a
theoretical and practical problem that needs to be solved urgently.The mode of labour
migration is a model innovation in Ningxia in the process of relocation for poverty
alleviation,from housing security,employment training,social security and other policies
have been introduced,and so far a complete set of relatively perfect security system has been
formed.However,affected by the macroeconomic situation and the quality of migrants
themselves,the problem of employment stability of labour migrants has never been
effectively solved,the fundamental reason is that the level of human capital of labour
migrants is relatively low.Based on the research data of typical labour migrant communities
in Ningxia,this paper explores the impact of human capital on the employment stability of
labour migrants through empirical research,and then puts forward countermeasures and
suggestions to improve the level of human capital of labour migrants and enhance their
employment stability.
The main research content of this paper includes,firstly,analyzing the research
background and the current situation of labour migrants'employment,and defining the
relevant concepts;secondly,proposing research hypotheses on the basis of borrowing
relevant theories and referring to the existing literature;thirdly,combining with the actual
situation in Ningxia,clarifying the indicators for measuring the stability of labour migrants'
employment,and constructing the indicator system of labour migrants'human capital;
fourthly,conducting empirical research on the effect of human capital The fourth is to
empirically analyse the effect of human capital on employment stability through the binary
Probit model,and at the same time introduce social capital variables and community
environment variables to further analyse the mechanism of human capital's influence on
employment stability;the fifth is to analyse the heterogeneity by gender,relocation time and
II
type of unit,and so on.
The results of this paper show that,firstly,the human capital index has a significant
promotion effect on the employment stability of labour migrants in Ningxia,in which the
cultural level,skill training,and work experience have a significant positive effect on
employment stability;secondly,the improvement of the human capital level promotes the
increase of social capital and thus improves the employment stability of labour migrants;
thirdly,the excellent community environment has a positive moderating effect on the
employment stability of human capital and labour migrants;fourthly,the excellent
community environment has a positive moderating effect on the employment stability of
human capital and labour migrants.Third,excellent community environment has a positive
moderating effect on human capital and labour migrants'employment stability;fourth,there
are obvious differences in the effects of human capital on employment stability among labour
migrant groups of different genders,relocation times and unit types.
Based on the research conclusions,suggestions are made to improve the human capital
level of labour migrants and enhance their employment stability:(1)improve the
employment system of labour migrants in terms of perfecting policy support,strengthening
employment supervision,and optimizing the environment of resettlement communities;(2)
promote the social integration of labour migrants in terms of creating an inclusive
employment environment and improving the social security system;and (3)Improve the
comprehensive quality of labour migrants by actively enhancing human capital,striving to
strengthen social capital,and building confidence in employment.
Key words：Labour migration,human capital,social capital,community environment,
employment stability
III
目录
第一章绪论...............................................................................................1
第一节研究背景、目的与意义...........................................................1
第二节文献综述....................................................................................3
第三节研究内容与技术路线图...........................................................9
第四节创新与不足之处......................................................................12
本章小结................................................................................................13
第二章概念界定及理论基础................................................................14
第一节概念界定..................................................................................14
第二节理论基础..................................................................................15
第三节作用机制..................................................................................18
本章小结................................................................................................20
第三章问卷设计与数据来源................................................................22
第一节问卷设计..................................................................................22
第二节样本区域选择与数据来源.....................................................24
本章小结................................................................................................28
第四章宁夏样本区域劳务移民的就业稳定性分析............................29
第一节宁夏样本区域劳务移民的就业现状分析.............................29
第二节宁夏样本区域劳务移民的就业稳定性测度及影响因素认知
..............................................................................................................33
本章小结................................................................................................40
第五章人力资本对劳务移民就业稳定性影响的实证分析................42
第一节变量选取..................................................................................42
第二节模型构建与检验方法.............................................................46
第三节实证结果分析..........................................................................48
第四节异质性分析..............................................................................54
本章小结................................................................................................57
第六章研究结论与政策建议................................................................58
第一节研究结论..................................................................................58
第二节政策建议..................................................................................59
参考文献...................................................................................................63
附录人力资本对宁夏劳务移民就业稳定性影响研究的调查问卷....71