- II - 摘要 克拉玛依油田大多储层为砾岩油藏，之前一般采用水驱开发，该方法已经使用 了 40 多年了，现在该方法已不能满足生产需求，其原油产量开始发生递减，产出 液中含水率较高，单纯在水驱的基础进行稳产开发困难重重，因此很有必要开展聚 合物驱的研究工作。但是目前聚合物驱在砂岩油藏使用的较多，相关技术已经成熟， 而在砾岩油藏中使用的较少。和砂岩油藏相比，砾岩油藏物性较差，通过压汞曲线 对比可以发现，砾岩的分选性较差，毛细管半径较小。这些特点对聚合物驱的矿场 效果影响很大。因为在砾岩油藏进行聚合物驱是否可行不能简单的参考常规砂岩 油藏聚合驱的可行性，因此很有必要开展砾岩油藏聚合物驱可行性研究，使得注入 的流体能够很好的适应砾岩油藏，充分发挥聚合物驱的良好性能。 通过微孔滤膜法测定了聚合物体系在不同压力梯度下的水动力学特征尺寸， 选择出本研究的实验压力梯度，然后在此基础上评价了不同分子量，不同浓度的聚 合物体系的静态参数；通过聚合物溶液恒压流动性实验得出了聚合物分子量、浓度， 岩石渗透率对配伍性的影响，并给出了含油和不含油条件下的不同聚合物体系与 岩石的配伍性图版；通过不同化学体系在不同物性油层中的驱油效率评价研究了 天然岩心的驱油效率、注入压力的影响因素；通过水驱油及聚驱油相渗曲线测定研 究了砾岩岩心水驱和聚合物驱相渗曲线的不同特点；最后进行了砾岩油藏室内驱 油实验研究了砾岩油藏中实施聚合物驱的可行性。 结果表明聚合物体系水动力学特征尺寸主要受聚合物分子量、浓度的影响；化 学体系在岩石含油和无油条件小流动性存在较大的差异，在此基础上并建立了不 同化学体系和不同含油饱和度的岩石中的配伍性图版；聚合物可以通过增加驱替 压力，来增加某些渗流通道的毛管数，从而可以增加驱油效率；和相同饱和度下的 水驱相渗曲线相比，聚合物相的相对渗透率较低，同时等渗点向右移动，右端点也 向右移动，两相的跨度比水驱的时大；等厚模型与非等厚模型中聚合物可以在水驱 采收率的基础上提高 10%以上，这表明在砾岩油藏中实施聚合物驱是可行的。 关键词：砾岩；配伍性；相渗曲线；物理模拟实验；可行性ABSTRACT - III - Research on the Feasibility of Polymer Flooding in Conglomerate Reservoirs ABSTRACT Most karamay oilfield reservoir is conglomerate reservoir. In this oilfield, the exploitation method is waterflooding which has been used 40 years.Now its oil production begins to decline and the water cut is very high so that waterflooding can not meet the production requirements and it is difficult for stable development for simplily on the basis of waterflooding. It is necessary to carry out the research of polymer flooding. But at present the use of polymer flooding in sandstone reservoir is more, and related technology is mature, with less used in conglomerate reservoir. Compared to sandstone reservoir, conglomerate reservoir physical property is poor.Contrast can be found by mercury injection curve. The sorting of conglomerate is poorer and capillary radius is smaller. These characteristics had a great influence on polymer flooding effect of mines. Because the feasibility of polymer flooding in conglomerate reservoir can't simply refer to the feasibility of polymer flooding in conventional sandstone reservoir, so it is necessary to carry out feasibility study on polymer flooding conglomerate reservoirs to make the fluid injection are well suited conglomerate reservoir and Give full play to the good performance of polymer flooding. Through the microporous membrane filter method, the hydrodynamic characteristics of size under different pressure gradient feature sizes was measured and the experimental pressure gradient of this study was choosen. On the basis, the static parameters of different molecular weight, different concentrations of polymer system was evaluated. Through the liquidity experiment of polymer solution on constant pressure, the influence of polymer molecular weight, concentration, rock permeability on compatibility is concluded. And the compatibility chart of the rock and different polymer under condition of having oil or without oil has been given. Through evaluation of oil displacement efficiency of different chemical system in different physical properties core, and theABSTRACT - IV - influence factors of displacement efficiency or injection pressure were studied. The different characteristics relative permeability curve between water flooding and polymer flooding in conglomerate cores were researched. Finally oil displacement experiment of conglomerate reservoir indoor has been carried to study the feasibility of polymer flooding in conglomerate reservoir. The results show that the hydrodynamic characteristics of size mainly affected by the polymer molecular weight, concentration of the polymer. The compatibility is influenced by the molecular weight, concentration of polymer, the influence of rock permeability. And the compatibility chart of the rock and different polymer under condition of having oil or without oil has been given. The polymer can increase the capillary number of some seepage channel by increasing the displacement pressure, which can increase the oil displacement efficiency. Compared with water flooding relative permeability curve of same saturation, relative permeability of polymer phase is lower, and theright endpoint and isotonic point move to the right. At the same time the span of two phase is larger than that of water flooding. The recovery of polymer flooding can be increased by more than 10% on the basis of waterflooding in uniform thickness model or non-uniform thickness model. This indicates that the implementation of polymer flooding in conglomerate reservoir is feasible. Key Words ： Conglomerate ； Compatibility;Relative permeability curve ； Physical simulation experiment; Feasibility目 录 - V - 目 录 硕士学位报告独创性声明.............................................................................. I 硕士学位报告版权使用授权书....................................................................... I 摘要...................................................................................................... II ABSTRACT ................................................................................................ III 第 1 章 绪论 .............................................................................................. 1 1.1 研究的目的及意义........................................................................ 1 1.2 研究的主要内容 ........................................................................... 1 1.3 国内外聚合物驱技术发展现状及机理 ........................................... 1 1.3.1 国外聚合物驱技术发展历程及现状..................................... 2 1.3.2 国内聚合物驱技术发展历程及现状..................................... 3 1.3.3 聚合物驱提高采收率机理 ................................................... 4 1.4 描述聚合物与岩石配伍性方法 ...................................................... 6 1.4.1 静态法 .................................................................................. 7 1.4.2 动态法 ................................................................................. 8 1.5 砾岩油藏地质特征...................................................................... 13 1.5.1 砾岩储层的微观结构特点.................................................... 13 1.5.3 润湿性特征 ......................................................................... 14 1.5.4 相对渗透率曲线特征........................................................... 14 1.5.5 非均质性............................................................................. 15 1.6 砾岩油藏聚合物驱研究现状........................................................ 15 1.7 研究思路与技术路线 .................................................................... 16 第 2 章 聚合物体系静态评价 ................................................................... 18 2.1 测定原理 .................................................................................... 18 2.1.1 体系抗剪切性能评价原理 ................................................. 18 2.1.2 水动力学特征尺寸实验原理 ............................................. 18 2.2 实验部分 .................................................................................... 19 2.2.1 实验装置 .......................................................................... 19 2.2.2 实验条件 .......................................................................... 19 2.2.3 实验方案 .......................................................................... 21目 录 - VI - 2.3 实验结果及分析 ......................................................................... 22 2.3.1 体系抗剪切性能测试结果及分析 ...................................... 22 2.3.2 压力对聚合物水动力学特征尺寸的影响............................ 24 2.3.3 不同聚合物体系水动力学特征的尺寸 ............................... 26 2.4 小结 ........................................................................................... 28 第 3 章 不同聚合物体系与砾岩油藏配伍性评价......................................... 30 3.1 实验方式的选择 ........................................................................... 30 3.2 实验部分...................................................................................... 31 3.2.1 实验装置 .......................................................................... 31 3.2.2 实验条件 .......................................................................... 32 3.2.3 实验方案及步骤 ............................................................... 33 3.3 无油条件下流动性实验结果及分析............................................. 34 3.3.1 实验结果 .......................................................................... 34 3.3.2 聚合物浓度在岩心中流动性的影响因素............................ 35 3.3.2 不同化学体系与岩石的配伍性.......................................... 39 3.4 含油饱和度对聚合物流动能力的影响 ........................................... 40 3.4.1 不同实验中油与聚合物的粘度比 ...................................... 40 3.4.2 聚合物浓度在岩心中流动性的影响因素............................ 41 3.4.2 不同化学体系与岩石的配伍性.......................................... 42 3.5 小结 ............................................................................................. 45 第 4 章 不同化学体系在不同物性油层中的驱油效率评价......................... 46 4.1 实验部分...................................................................................... 46 4.1.1 实验条件............................................................................. 46 4.1.2 实验方案............................................................................. 48 4.1.3 实验步骤............................................................................. 48 4.2 实验内容及结果分析 .................................................................. 48 4.2.1 驱油效率的影响因素.......................................................... 49 4.2.2 注入压力的影响因素 .......................................................... 50 4.6 小结 ........................................................................................... 54 第 5 章 水驱油及聚驱油相渗曲线测定..................................................... 56 5.1 测定原理与方法 ......................................................................... 56目 录 - VII - 5.1.1 水驱油相对渗透率曲线测定原理 ........................................ 56 5.1.1 聚驱油相对渗透率曲线测定原理 ........................................ 57 5.2 主要实验设备与流程 .................................................................. 58 5.3 实验方案 .................................................................................... 58 5.4 实验步骤 .................................................................................... 59 5.5 测定结果及比较分析 .................................................................... 60 5.5.1 水驱相对渗透率曲线 .......................................................... 60 5.5.2 聚合物相对渗透率曲线 ...................................................... 63 5.6 小结 ............................................................................................. 64 第 6 章 聚合物体系驱油实验物理模拟..................................................... 65 6.1 物理模型建立................................................................................ 65 6.2 实验部分....................................................................................... 67 6.2.1 实验设备 .......................................................................... 67 6.2.2 实验条件 .......................................................................... 67 6.3 实验方案 .................................................................................... 68 6.4 实验步骤 .................................................................................... 68 6.5 实验内容及结果分析 .................................................................. 69 6.5.1 注入体系的粘度对采收率的影响 ...................................... 69 6.5.2 注入体系的粘度对含水率的影响 ...................................... 71 6.5.3 注入体系的粘度对注入压力的影响................................... 72 6.6 小结 ............................................................................................. 74 第 7 章 结 论 ..................................................................................... 76