中国在 2000 年进入了人口老龄化社会，老年人口数量不断增加，人口的老龄化影 响和刺激着中国养老模式的变革和发展。在我国老龄化日益严重的今天，农村养老问题 是亟待解决的大问题，据全国老龄办统计数据显示，目前我国农村有近一半的老人属于 城乡空巢家庭或类空巢家庭。基于上述现状，本文主要着眼于农村空巢老人的养老方式 选择问题，主要以河北省某县 N 乡为例，探究影响空巢老人选择养老方式的原因，分析 互助养老方式的可行性，得出结论，提出相关对策建议。 本文主要运用文献研究法、问卷调查法和访谈法的研究方法进行研究。借助相关理 论支撑，向 N 乡的空巢老人进行问卷发放，回收有效问卷，进行统计整理。并对研究对 象进行实地访谈，以此来探究 N 乡空巢老人的养老方式选择状况及原因。本文从经济因 素、个人因素、生活选择因素、养老认知因素四个方面进行分析，并结合相关访谈记录， 最终得出结论，认为农村互助养老方式更加适合 N 乡空巢老人的养老生活，建议在 N 乡实行农村互助养老方式，通过所得结论及该乡实际情况提出相关对策与措施，从而促 进 N 乡农村老人养老生活的发展，实现养老生活品质的提高。 关键词，人口老龄化；农村养老；空巢老人；互助养老方式II Abstract China entered the ageing society in 2000, the elderly population continues to increase, the ageing of the population and to stimulate the change and development of the Chinese pension mode. Aging increasingly serious today, in our country rural endowment problem is a big problem to be solved, according to the national aging do statistics show that at present our country rural nearly half of the old man as part of the urban and rural empty nest family or empty nest families. Based on the above situation, this paper mainly focus on rural empty-nesters pension mode selection problems, mainly in some county in the hebei province N township, for example, to explore the influence the cause of the empty-nest old people choose way, analysis the feasibility of the mutual endowment way, come to the conclusion, puts forward relevant countermeasures and Suggestions. In this paper, using literature research, questionnaire investigation and interview research method were studied. With the aid of theoretical support, questionnaire survey to N township empty-nesters, recycling effective questionnaire, statistics. The object of study on field interviews, in order to explore N township empty-nesters pension mode selection condition and the reason. This article from economic factors, individual factors, life choices, pension cognitive factors four aspects carries on the analysis, and combined with relevant interview, eventually come to the conclusion that think that is more suitable for rural mutual endowment way N township empty-nest old man's life, advice in N township rural mutual endowment way, through the conclusion and N township actual situation and relevant countermeasures were put forward, so as to promote the development of N township of rural elderly endowment life, realize the endowment the improvement of the quality of life. Key Words: Aging of population; Rural endowment; Empty nesters; Mutual careIII 目 录 第 1 章 引言...1 1.1 问题的提出 .. 1 1.1.1 研究背景 ..... 1 1.1.2 研究意义 ..... 1 1.2 国内外相关文献研究 .... 2 1.2.1 国外相关文献综述 ....... 2 1.2.2 国内相关文献综述 ....... 4 1.2.3 评价与展望 . 5 1.3 研究内容与方法 ... 6 1.3.1 研究内容与思路 .. 6 1.3.2 研究方法 ..... 8 第 2 章 相关概念与理论概述....9 2.1 相关概念界定 ....... 9 2.1.1 空巢老人的概念 .. 9 2.1.2 养老方式的内涵 .. 9 2.2 相关理论基础 ..... 12 2.2.1 新公共服务理论 12 2.2.2 需求层次理论 .... 13 2.2.3 社会支持理论 .... 14 第 3 章 农村空巢老人生活现状与问题....15 3.1 农村空巢老人生活现状——以河北省 N 乡为例 .. 15 3.1.1 河北省 N 乡基本概况 15 3.1.2 N 乡空巢老人生活现状分析 ..... 15 3.2 农村空巢老人养老方式的发展困境 ..... 18 3.2.1 经济收入较低、来源渠道单一 ... 18 3.2.2 生活照料相对缺失 ..... 19 3.2.3 精神生活相对匮乏 ..... 21 第 4 章 N 乡空巢老人互助养老方式可行性分析....23IV 4.1 互助养老方式的内涵...23 4.1.1 互助养老方式的提出..23 4.1.2 互助养老方式——幸福互助院....23 4.2 互助养老方式可行性分析....24 4.2.1 经济因素....24 4.2.2 个人因素....25 4.2.3 生活选择因素.....25 4.2.4 养老认知因素.....27 4.2.5 访谈记录及分析.27 第 5 章 结论与对策建议......34 5.1 结论....34 5.1.1 经济因素方面.....34 5.1.2 个人因素方面.....34 5.1.3 生活选择因素方面......34 5.1.4 养老认知因素方面......35 5.2 对策建议.....35 5.2.1 政府方面....35 5.2.2 社会方面....36 5.2.3 农村相关组织机构方面.......37 5.2.4 空巢老人家庭和个人方面...38 第 6 章 研究创新点与不足.39 6.1 研究创新点.39 6.2 不足之处.....39