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(2)基于消费者燃油消费效用优化数理模型,结合高级微观经济学中的罗
伊恒等式、谢菲尔德引理、对偶定理以及斯勒茨基方程,优化求解出交通碳排放
价格对消费者燃油消费需求影响的价格效应及相应分解后的替代效应与收入效
应数学表达式,在此基础之上,进一步深入探讨交通碳排放权价格能否以及怎样
影响消费者燃油消费需求行为。研究发现,在短期或者长期中,实践中无论是高
排放者还是低排放者其燃油消费需求对于交通碳排放权价格变动的价格效应值
为负。可见,个人碳排放权交易引入所产生的经济激励能够有效的降低消费者燃
油消费量,减少二氧化碳排放。此外,交通碳排放权价格对于消费能源需求行为
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m
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的影响程度存在明显的群体差异性和时间上的差异性
(3)引入二元选择变量(Binary choice variable),构建个人交通碳排放权交
易机制下的消费者节能汽车购买选择优化模型,分析交通碳排放权价格对消费者
传统燃油汽车与新能源汽车购买选择行为决策的引导作用。研究发现,对于不同
排放群体存在两个高低不同的临界价格点,当碳市场上的交通碳排放权均衡价格
水平位于不同临界价格区间时,高、低排放群体在汽车购买选择行为方面存在差
异性。此外,本研宄还从碳补贴视角出发,提出对消费者选择购买节能汽车产生
的环境净收益进行补贴,建立了新能源汽车有效补贴水平新的计算范式,为政府
对新能源汽车确定有效补贴水平提供理论支撑和借鉴
本文研宄的创新之处主要体现在以下几个方面:
(丨)当前实践中的各类碳减排措施主要针对上游生产层面,而对下游消费层
面碳排放给予的实质性关注则明显不足。在未来消费领域碳排放持续增长的背景
下,本文研究将碳减排视角聚焦于下游消费者,并且将市场碳减排机制应用于私
人交通领域,深入分析了个人交通碳排放权交易机制对私人交通出行碳减排的经
济激励作用,对交通碳排放权价格是如何形成的、如何影响消费者碳减排行为以
及其中的影响规律是怎样的等问题进行了回答。本文研宄成果为政府未来针对消
费者制定碳减排政策提供了新的思路和理论参考
(2)由于现实中并没有任何国家和地区实施个人碳排放权交易机制,相关实
证数据也较为缺乏,亦无法采用计量分析方法对碳减排机制的经济因素进行考察
因此,本文采用数理模型的分析方法,构建了个人交通碳排放权交易机制下的消
费者能源消费效用优化模型、消费者节能汽车购买选择优化模型以及消费者节能
汽车购买碳补贴模型,并通过数学优化求解得到一系列模型结果,以此分析了交
通碳排放权价格形成机制以及其对消费者碳减排行为的引导作用。本文所构建的
数理模型以及模型优化结果,为后续计量研究提供了较好的理论基础和借鉴作用
(3)本文通过分配交通碳排放权的形式,对消费者交通领域碳排放的碳产权
进行了界定,并且以碳排放权市场价格对消费者的边际碳减排成本进行了衡量,
使得测算消费者采用节能汽车的环境净收益成为一种可能。本研究进一步拓展了
外部性理论、产权理论以及排放权交易理论的实际应用范围,丰富了碳交易理论,
并且为下游消费层面碳减排市场规制的建立提供了理论参考
关键词:交通碳排放权价格经济激励排放权交易燃油消费节能汽车购买
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ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
Due to the rapid process of urbanization, the improvement of consumers’
living standards and the dramatic increase of private car ownership, the growth trend
of carbon emission levels from household transport sector will become more and
more significant. However, in the broader context of carbon mitigation in whole
society, the comprehensive effectiveness of all carbon-reduction measures would be
weakened by the increasing carbon emission from individual transport sector.
Therefore, it is meaningful to reduce and stabilize the carbon emission level in this
sector. Personal carbon permit trading of individual transport could be viewed as an
effective policy option to encourage consumer to reduce fuel consumption and carbon
emission through changing high-carbon travel practices. Obviously, as a market-based
mechanism to curb and reduce personal carbon emission, economic incentives will be
a critical factor in consumers’ energy consumption decision-making. Considering this
mitigation policy has not been implemented in practice so far, it is important to clarify
the specific economic incentives process for emission reduction practice, which
would be helpful for mechanism design, scheme implementation, policy adjustment
and so on. In this paper, based on the data of Chinese urban residential transport
sector and some others’ studies, we will investigated the related issues about
economic motivation of carbon reduction under personal carbon permit trading
scheme by applying the mathematical model method. Firstly, we analyze the carbon
permit price formation process in personal carbon permit trading framework and then
further investigate its effect on fuel consumption behavior and energy-saving vehicle
purchase choice behavior. The main content of this paper is as fellows:
(1) Based on the theory of utility and emission permit trading, this paper
established a consumer fuel consumption utility optimization model under the
personal carbon permit trading scheme in individual transport sector, so as to derive
the demand and supply function of traffic carbon emission permit in the carbon
market, and then we analyze the permit price formation process under the equilibrium
condition of market clearing. Furthermore, the key influencing factors and influence
laws about equilibrium permit price were explored. The results show that the permit
price is determined by the permit demand and supply of all trading participants in the
carbon market. Moreover, the initial traffic carbon permit, gasoline price and the
III
ABSTRACT
carbon emission rate of gasoline are the critical factors affecting the equilibrium price.
The specific influence laws have important implications for policy making.
(2) Based on the consumer fuel consumption utility optimization model, and
combined with Roy’s identity, Shephard’s lemma,duality theorem and Slutsky
equation in advanced microeconomics, we derived the mathematical expressions of
price effect, substitution effect and income effect about the influence of carbon permit
price on consumers5 fuel consumption demand from basic models. On this basis, we
examined whether and how the carbon permit price effect on consumers’ ftjel
consumption demand behavior. The results shown that, in practice, the price effects
are always negative for both over-emitters and under-emitters whether in short or long
run. Therefore, the economic incentives generated by the introduction of carbon
permit trading could effectively reduce the consumption of fuel and carbon emission.
Furthermore, the effect of the carbon permit price on consumers’ energy demand are
significant differences in group and time.
(3) Under the personal traffic carbon permit trading scheme, we construct the
optimization model of energy-saving vehicle purchase choice through introducing the
binary choice variable. Then, we investigate the role of permit price signal in the
consumer selection decision process between a conventional fuel-powered vehicle
(CFPV) and a new energy vehicles (NEVs). The results show that there are two
different levels of critical permit price for high-and low-emission groups. When the
equilibrium price in the carbon market is in a different critical price range, the
purchase behavior of hi
