摘要
我国经济从高速增长转变为高质量增长阶段。创新是发展的第一动力，在引
导企业转型升级规程中，创新的重要性不言而喻。政府出台了大量创新财政支持
政策，来支持企业创新研发。从国务院出台《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲
要(2006—2020)》，要求不断增加财政科技投入，加快建设创新型国家；到 2020
年颁布的《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和 2035年远
景目标纲要》，强调坚持创新驱动发展、全面塑造发展新优势，提高基础研究经
费投入占研发经费投入比重至 8%以上等，这些数字背后政府财税政策对科技创
新的支撑分量不断凸显。由于企业创新活动具有公共物品以及外部性的特征，以
财政补贴和税收优惠为主要手段的激励企业创新的财税政策显得格外重要。因此，
研究我国政府财政补贴、税收优惠政策对企业创新绩效的影响效果及作用机理，
对我国企业创新驱动发展，制定适宜财税政策等有重要意义。
本文首先阐述了创新、外部性及信号传递、市场失灵理论和政府财税政策支
持对企业创新必要性的相关理论基础，其次从创新全链条视角，将企业创新分为
创新投入、创新产出以及创新效率三部分，深入梳理相关国内外文献，分析政府
财政补贴、税收优惠对这三个环节影响效果及作用机理，分别提出研究假设。其
三，以江苏省上市公司 2008-2020年数据为研究样本，实证检验财政补贴和税收
优惠对上述三个方面的影响，其中创新性地运用 SBM模型对上市企业创新效率
进行测量，探讨政府财税政策和税收优惠在企业投入--产出转化过程中的影响效
果。最后，运用调节效应模型，分析了作为内部环境因素的企业内部控制和作为
外部环境因素的企业产品市场竞争力在其中的调节作用，丰富政府财税政策对企
业创新支持方面的研究。
本文得出以下结论：（1）从创新投入看，政府财政补贴、税收优惠均对其具
有显著激励作用，并且这两类政策长短期激励效应存在一定的差异：其中，财政
补贴对于企业短期创新投入具有显著激励作用，但对企业长期创新投入促进作用
不明显；而税收优惠政策无论企业长期或短期创新投入，均有显著的激励作用。
（2）从创新产出看，政府财政补贴和税收优惠均能有效激励企业创新产出；（3）
从创新效率看，政府财政补贴和税收优惠均能有效激励企业创新效率；（4）进一
I
步研究发现，作为内部环境的企业内部控制越完善越可以促进政府财政补贴政策、
税收优惠政策对企业创新投入、创新产出及创新效率的激励作用；而作为外部环
境的企业产品市场竞争越强，在创新投入阶段，可以加强财政补贴和税收优惠对
企业创新投入的激励作用，而在创新产出和创新效率方面，则发生了反向调节作
用。
关键词:财税激励政策，创新投入，创新产出，创新效率
II
Abstract
China's economic development has entered a new era, and innovation has become
a key force driving the transformation of China's economic growth pattern from
high-speed to high-quality. At the same time, the government also issued a large
number of innovative financial support policies to support enterprise innovation and
R&D. In 2006, The State Council issued the Outline of The National Medium and
Long Term Science and Technology Development Plan (2006-2020), which requires
increasing financial investment in science and technology and speeding up the
construction of an innovative country. In the 14th Five-Year Plan of the People's
Republic of China for National Economic and Social Development and outline of the
Vision and Goals for 2035 to be issued by 2020, China's R&D spending should
increase by an annual average of at least 7% and the proportion of basic research
spending in R&D should rise to at least 8%. Behind these figures, the support of
government fiscal and tax policies for scientific and technological innovation has
become increasingly prominent. Due to the characteristics of public goods and
externalities of enterprise innovation activities, fiscal and tax policies that encourage
enterprise innovation by means of fiscal subsidies and tax preferences are particularly
important. Therefore, the research on the effect and mechanism of government
financial subsidies and tax incentives on enterprise innovation performance can
provide some reference for the government to formulate reasonable fiscal and tax
policies.
This article first elaborated the innovation theory, the externality and market
failure, the signal transmission theory and government fiscal and taxation policies to
support the necessity of the innovation of the enterprise related theoretical basis, and
then from the perspectives of innovation all the chain, the enterprise innovation
performance subdivided into innovation input, thorough carding the related literature
at home and abroad, This paper analyzes the effects and mechanisms of government
financial subsidies and tax incentives on these three links, and puts forward research
hypotheses respectively. Then, taking the listed companies in Jiangsu Province from
III